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dun

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "dun"
Languages (22)
English
Asturian • Bambara • Basque • Danish • Dutch • Galician • German • Hunsrik • Kiput • Mandarin • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old French • Old Irish • Sranan Tongo • Swedish • Volapük • Welsh • Wolof • Yoruba
Page categories

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishdun,donn,dunne, fromOld Englishdunn(“dun, dingy brown, bark-colored, brownish black”), fromProto-West Germanic*duʀn, fromProto-Germanic*duznaz,*dusnaz(“brown, yellow”), fromProto-Indo-European*dʰewh₂-(“to smoke, raise dust”). Cognate withOld Saxondun(“brown, dark”),Old High Germantusin(“ash-gray, dull brown, pale yellow, dark”),Old Norsedunna(“female mallard; duck”).

Alternative etymology derives the Old English word fromBrythonic (compareMiddle Welshdwnn(“dark (red)”)), fromProto-Celtic*dusnos (compareOld Irishdonn andScottish Gaelicdonn(“brown”)), fromProto-Indo-European*dʰews- (compareOld Saxondosan(“chestnut brown”)). More atdusk.

Noun

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dun (usuallyuncountable,pluralduns)

  1. A brownish grey colour.
    dun: 
    Synonym:claybank
Translations
[edit]
colour

Adjective

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dun (notcomparable)

  1. Of abrownishgreycolour.
Translations
[edit]
of a brownish grey colour

Derived terms

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See also

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Etymology 2

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Unknown; perhaps a variant ofdin. Several sources suggest origin fromJoe Dun, the name of a bailiff known for arresting debtors, but this is controversial.

Noun

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dun (pluralduns)

  1. (countable) A collector ofdebts, especially one who isinsistent anddemanding.
    • 1837,L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon],Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London:Henry Colburn, […],→OCLC,pages162–163:
      "The truth is, Mr. Curl, I cannot write when I am plagued about trifles; and a tiresomedun this morning put to flight every idea that I had in the world."
      "Mr. Maynard," said the bookseller, in a solemn tone, "it is very wrong to run in debt."
    • 1889 [1712], John Arbuthnot,The History of John Bull, London: Cassell & Co.,→OCLC, page71:
      Look ye, gentlemen, I have lived with credit in the world, and it grieves my heart never to stir out of my doors but to be pulled by the sleeve by some rascallydun or other.
    • 1933 January 9,George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter XVIII, inDown and Out in Paris and London, London:Victor Gollancz […],→OCLC:
      Melancholyduns came looking for him at all hours.
    • 1970,John Glassco,Memoirs of Montparnasse, New York, published2007, page102:
      ‘Frank's worried aboutduns,’ she said as the butler went away.
  2. An urgent request or demand of payment.
    • 1842, A.B.G., “Errata”, inEvangelical Magazine and Gospel Advocate, volume13,→OCLC, page251:
      Miss Hoppin received adun for volume 9 1840–1 which Mr. James McConnell, (who now pays the above) is sure was paid.
Derived terms
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Translations
[edit]
a collector of debts

Verb

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dun (third-person singular simple presentduns,present participledunning,simple past and past participledunned)

  1. (transitive) To ask or beset a debtor for payment.
  2. (transitive) To harass by continually repeating e.g. a request.
Translations
[edit]
to ask for payment
to harass by continually repeating a request

Etymology 3

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Uncertain; likely from the color.

Noun

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dun (pluralduns)

  1. (countable) A newly hatched, immaturemayfly; a mayflysubimago.
    • 1966, John Harris,An Angler's Entomology, New York: Barnes,→OCLC, page16:
      Also,duns are dull and generally sober colored, whilst spinners are more brightly colored and shining and their wings are clear and transparent.
  2. (countable, fishing) Afly made to resemble the mayfly subimago.
    • 1676, Charles Cotton,The Compleat Angler. Being Instructions how to Angle for a Trout or Grayling in a Clear Stream, London: Richard Marriott, and Henry Brome,→OCLC, March, page59:
      We have besides for this Month a littleDun call'd a whirling Dun (though it is not the whirling Dun indeed, which is one of the best Flies we have) and for this the dubbing must be of the bottom fur of a Squirrels tail and the wing of the grey feather of a Drake.
Synonyms
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Translations
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immature mayfly

Etymology 4

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FromIrishdún orScottish Gaelicdùn, fromProto-Celtic*dūnom(“fortress”). Cognate withWelshdinas(“city”).Doublet oftown.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

dun (pluralduns)

  2. An ancient or medieval fortification;especially ahill-fort in Scotland or Ireland.
    • 1858, Henry MacLauchlan,Memoir written during a survey of the Roman Wall, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, in the years 1852-1854, London: Printed for private circulation,→OCLC, page 9:
      Pampedun, or Pandon, was probably a place of residence from the earliest times; its sheltered situation for boats, and proximity to the ancient way over the river, protected perhaps by adun orcamp, on the height above [...] possibly gave origin to the ancient name of the place, Pampedun, from the Britishpant, ahollow, anddun, afort orcamp,Pant-y-dun.
  3. (archaeology) A structure in the Orkney or Shetland islands or in Scotland consisting of aroundhouse surrounded by a circular wall; abroch.
    • 2013, T.J. Clarkson,The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings, Edinburgh: Birlinn,→ISBN:
      Smaller than the broch was thedun, another type of stone-built 'roundhouse'.

Etymology 5

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Seedo.

Verb

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dun

  1. (nonstandard, informal)Eye dialect spelling ofdone:pastparticiple ofdo
    Now, yadun it!
    • 1895 May, S.L.N. Foote, “Correspondence”, inInternational Journal of Medicine and Surgery‎[2], volume 8, retrieved 2016–10–13, page194:
      ...a wise old lady exclaimed, "Why Mrs. M. warn't you orful skeerd wunst when you seed a dog fight? [...] an that ere big yaller dog bit orf your baby's hand that minit; in cors hedun it, so now that settles it."
    • 2001 April 1, Robert Frost,Poems by Robert Frost: A Boy's Will and North of Boston‎[3], Penguin,→ISBN,→OCLC:
      “Oh, Because I want their dollar.
      I don't want Anything they've not got. I neverdun.
      I'm there, and they can pay me if they like.
      I go nowhere on purpose: I happen by.
      Sorry there is no cup to give you a drink.[…]
  2. (nonstandard, informal)Pronunciation spelling ofdon't:contraction ofdo +not.
    • 1901,Gilbert Parker,The Right of Way, New York and London: Harper,→OCLC:
      Fwhere's he come from, Idun'no'. French or English, Idun'no'. But a gintleman born, I know.

Etymology 6

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Likely from the color of fish so prepared.

Verb

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dun (third-person singular simple presentduns,present participledunning,simple past and past participledunned)

  1. (transitive, dated) Tocure, ascodfish, by laying them, aftersalting, in a pile in a dark place, covered withsaltgrass or a similar substance.
    • 1832, James Thacher,History of Plymouth; from its first settlement in 1620, to the year 1832, Boston: Marsh, Capen & Lyon,→OCLC, page317:
      Dun-fish are of a superior quality for the table, and are cured in such a manner as to give them a dun or brownish color. Fish fordunning are caught early in spring, and sometimes February, at the Isle of Shoals.

Etymology 7

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Seedune.

Noun

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dun (pluralduns)

  1. Amound or smallhill.

Etymology 8

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Imitative.

Interjection

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dun

  1. Imitating a deep bass note, such as that found in suspenseful music.
    • 2009, Carrie Tucker,I Love Geeks: The Official Handbook, Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media,→ISBN:
      How wouldyou deal with that power? (Dun, dun, DUN! Insert dramatic music here.)
    • 2015, Lisa Dombrowski,The Films of Samuel Fuller: If You Die, I’ll Kill You, page113:
      Dun, dun! Dun, dun! As the music continues, the long shot of Griff's walk is broken down into repeating tight shots of his face, his legs, and his shifting point of view of Brockie.
    • 2016, Helen Russell,Leap Year: How small steps can make a giant difference:
      'DUN DUN DUN DUN-DUN-DUN-DUN! DUN DUN DUN DUNDUN-DUN-DUN... PRESSURE!' By 2.05 a.m. I am Very Awake Indeed and the catastrophising continues.
    • 2020, Spencer Hamilton,The Fear: A Pandemic Horror Novel:
      Whenever that iconic riff in the score cued up—Dun dun ... dun dun ... dun dun dun dun dun-dun-dun-dun ... —Jack's heart would race, and she'd feel the fear on her skin.
Derived terms
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Etymology 9

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Noun

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dun (pluralduns)

  1. Alternative form ofdhoon(“Himalayan valley”)

See also

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etymologically unrelated terms

References

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Anagrams

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Asturian

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Etymology

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FromLatindum.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdun/[ˈd̪ũŋ]
  • Rhymes:-uŋ
  • Hyphenation:dun

Adverb

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dun

  1. (literary or archaic)meanwhile,in the mean time
    Synonyms:mentes,demientres,mentanto

Contraction

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dun m (feminineduna,neuterduno,masculine pluraldunos,feminine pluraldunes)

  1. (obsolete)ina (modernd'un)

References

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  • “dun” inDiccionario general de la lengua asturiana. Xosé Lluis García Arias.→ISBN.

Bambara

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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dun

  1. toeat

References

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Basque

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /dun/[d̪ũn]
  • Rhymes:-un
  • Hyphenation:dun

Verb

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dun

  1. Informal second-person singular feminine (hik), taking third-person singular (hura) as direct object, present indicative form ofizan.
  2. Feminine allocutive form ofda.

Usage notes

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Linguistically, this verb form can be seen as belonging to the reconstructed citation formedun instead ofizan.

Danish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsedúnn(“down”). Related todyne.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dun n (singular definitedunet,plural indefinitedun)

  1. down (soft, immature feathers)

Inflection

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Declension ofdun
neuter
gender		singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativedundunetdundunene
genitivedunsdunetsdunsdunenes

See also

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Dutchdunne, fromOld Dutch*thunni, fromProto-West Germanic*þunnī, fromProto-Germanic*þunnuz. Cognate with Englishthin (Compare West-Flemish thinne).

Adjective

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dun (comparativedunner,superlativedunst)

  1. thin,slender
  2. sparse
  3. (liquid)runny
Declension
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Declension ofdun
uninflecteddun
inflecteddunne
comparativedunner
positivecomparativesuperlative
predicative/adverbialdundunnerhetdunst
hetdunste
indefinitem./f. sing.dunnedunneredunste
n. sing.dundunnerdunste
pluraldunnedunneredunste
definitedunnedunneredunste
partitivedunsdunners—
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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dun

  1. inflection ofdunnen:
    1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
    3. imperative

Galician

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Etymology

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Fromde(“of”) +un(“masculine singular indefinite article”).

Contraction

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dun m (femininedunha,masculine pluralduns,feminine pluraldunhas)

  1. Contraction ofdeun.Froma;ofa

Further reading

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German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLow Germanduun.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dun (strong nominative masculine singularduner,comparativeduner,superlativeamdunsten)

  1. (colloquial, chiefly Northern Germany)drunk
    • 1998, “Du (äh, Du)”, inPower, performed by Fischmob:
      Ich wardun die Nacht
      Und hatte mit chemischen Drogen aus Amerika herumexperimentiert
      Bis ich das Bewußtsein verlor
      I wasdrunk that night / and had experimented with synthetic drugs from America / until I lost consciousness

Declension

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Positive forms ofdun
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristdunsieistdunesistdunsiesinddun
strong declension
(without article)		nominativedunerdunedunesdune
genitivedunendunerdunenduner
dativedunemdunerdunemdunen
accusativedunendunedunesdune
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederdunediedunedasdunediedunen
genitivedesdunenderdunendesdunenderdunen
dativedemdunenderdunendemdunendendunen
accusativedendunendiedunedasdunediedunen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeindunereineduneeindunes(keine)dunen
genitiveeinesduneneinerduneneinesdunen(keiner)dunen
dativeeinemduneneinerduneneinemdunen(keinen)dunen
accusativeeinenduneneineduneeindunes(keine)dunen
Comparative forms ofdun
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristdunersieistduneresistdunersiesindduner
strong declension
(without article)		nominativedunererdunereduneresdunere
genitivedunerendunererdunerendunerer
dativeduneremdunererduneremduneren
accusativedunerendunereduneresdunere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederduneredieduneredasduneredieduneren
genitivedesdunerenderdunerendesdunerenderduneren
dativedemdunerenderdunerendemdunerendenduneren
accusativedendunerendieduneredasduneredieduneren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeindunerereinedunereeinduneres(keine)duneren
genitiveeinesdunereneinerdunereneinesduneren(keiner)duneren
dativeeinemdunereneinerdunereneinemduneren(keinen)duneren
accusativeeinendunereneinedunereeinduneres(keine)duneren
Superlative forms ofdun
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristamdunstensieistamdunstenesistamdunstensiesindamdunsten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativedunsterdunstedunstesdunste
genitivedunstendunsterdunstendunster
dativedunstemdunsterdunstemdunsten
accusativedunstendunstedunstesdunste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederdunstediedunstedasdunstediedunsten
genitivedesdunstenderdunstendesdunstenderdunsten
dativedemdunstenderdunstendemdunstendendunsten
accusativedendunstendiedunstedasdunstediedunsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeindunstereinedunsteeindunstes(keine)dunsten
genitiveeinesdunsteneinerdunsteneinesdunsten(keiner)dunsten
dativeeinemdunsteneinerdunsteneinemdunsten(keinen)dunsten
accusativeeinendunsteneinedunsteeindunstes(keine)dunsten

Further reading

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  • “dun” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “dun” in Uni Leipzig:Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • “dun” inDuden online

Hunsrik

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Etymology

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    FromCentral Franconiandun, fromMiddle High Germanduon, fromOld High Germanduon, fromProto-West Germanic*dōn, fromProto-Germanic*dōną, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*dʰeh₁-.[1]

    Cognate withGermantun,Kölschdunn andLuxembourgishdoen.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    dun

    1. (auxiliary)will; to begoing to;forms the future tense [withinfinitive]
      Ichdun das mache.
      Iwill do that.
    2. (auxiliary) tobe;forms the progressive aspect[withinfinitive]
      Wasdun-se mache.
      Whatare they doing.
    3. (transitive) toput, toplace, toadd[withaccusative]
      Synonym:stelle
      Du mol en bissje Eis in de Suco.
      Put some ice in the juice.
    4. (intransitive) todo[withaccusative]
      Heit hon-ich nichs sedun.
      I have nothing todo today.

    Conjugation

    [edit]
    Irregular with conditional mood
    infinitivedun
    participlegedun
    auxiliaryhon
    present
    indicative    		conditionalimperative
    ichdundäd—
    dudustdästdu
    er/sie/esduddäd—
    meerdundäde—
    deerduddäddud
    siedundäde—

    The present participle is uncommonly used,
    but can be made with the suffix-end.

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “dun”, inDicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti:Riograndenser Hunsrickisch,page39, column 2

    Kiput

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    Etymology

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    FromProto-North Sarawak*daqun, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*dahun (compareMalaydaun).

    Noun

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    dun

    1. leaf

    Mandarin

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    Romanization

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    dun

    1. Nonstandard spelling ofdūn.
    2. Nonstandard spelling ofdǔn.
    3. Nonstandard spelling ofdùn.

    Usage notes

    [edit]
    • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

    Norwegian Bokmål

    [edit]
    NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediano

    Etymology

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    FromOld Norsedúnn.

    Noun

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    dun f orm (definite singulardunaordunen,indefinite pluralduner,definite pluraldunene)
    dun n (definite singulardunet,indefinite pluraldun,definite pluraldunaordunene)

    1. down(soft, fine fluffy feathers)

    References

    [edit]

    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Norwegian NynorskWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediann

    Etymology

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    FromOld Norsedúnn m.

    Noun

    [edit]

    dun f orn (definite singulardunaordunet,indefinite pluraldunerordun,definite pluralduneneorduna)

    1. down(soft, fine fluffy feathers)

    References

    [edit]

    Old English

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    FromProto-West Germanic*dūnu,*dūnā(“sand dune”), possibly fromProto-Germanic*dūnaz(“heap, pile”), fromProto-Indo-European*dʰewh₂-(“to smoke, fume, raise dust”); or alternatively a late borrowing fromProto-Celtic*dūnom from the same Proto-Indo-European source.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

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    dūn f

    1. hill,mountain
      • Old English Heptateuch,Genesis 22:2
        "Nim þīnne āncennedan sunu Īsaac, þe þū lufast, and far tō þām landeVisionis hraþe, and ġeoffra hine þǣr uppan ānredūne."
        "Take your only-begotten son Isaac, whom you love, and quickly go to the land ofVisionis, and sacrifice him there upon amountain."
    Declension
    [edit]

    Strongō-stem:

    singularplural
    nominativedūndūna,dūne
    accusativedūnedūna,dūne
    genitivedūnedūna
    dativedūnedūnum
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Descendants
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Adjective

    [edit]

    dun

    1. Alternative form ofdunn

    Old French

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromLatindonum.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    dunoblique singular, m (oblique pluralduns,nominative singularduns,nominative pluraldun)

    1. (Anglo-Norman)Alternative form ofdon
      • c.1150, Turoldus,La Chanson de Roland:
        E tute Espaigne tendrat par vostredun
        And all of Spain he will hold as your gift

    Old Irish

    [edit]

    Article

    [edit]

    dun

    1. Alternative form ofdon(“to/for the”)

    Noun

    [edit]

    dun

    1. Alternative spelling ofdún(“fort(ress)”)

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    dun

    1. Alternative spelling ofdúnn(“to/for us”)

    Sranan Tongo

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Probably fromEwedūn(“stare, unmoving gaze”).[1]

    Ideophone

    [edit]

    dun

    1. Signifiesastonishment,bewilderment,stupefaction

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^Norval Smith (2009) “A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, inP. Muysken, N. Smith, editors,Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton,→ISBN, page466.

    Swedish

    [edit]

    Etymology

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    FromOld Norsedúnn(“down”).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    dun n

    1. down(soft, fine fluffy feathers)

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension ofdun
    nominativegenitive
    singularindefinitedunduns
    definitedunetdunets
    pluralindefinitedunduns
    definitedunendunens

    Related terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]

    Volapük

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Blend ofEnglishdo andGermantun(“to do”).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    dun (nominative pluralduns)

    1. deed,action,act,doing
      Synonym:dunam

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension ofdun
    singularplural
    nominativedunduns
    genitivedunadunas
    dativedunedunes
    accusativedunidunis
    vocative1odun!oduns!
    predicative2dunudunus

    1 status as a case is disputed
    2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Welsh

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    dun

    1. Soft mutation oftun(“tin”).

    Mutation

    [edit]
    Mutated forms oftun
    radicalsoftnasalaspirate
    tundunnhunthun

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Wolof

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    dun (definite formdunbi)

    1. island

    Yoruba

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Cognates includeItsekiriyọ̀n,Olukumiyọ̀n,Ifèɖɔ̃̀. Likely from the same root asyọ̀n and the /y/ alternatives.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    dùn

    1. to besweet, to bepleasant
    Usage notes
    [edit]
    • it induces a high tone syllable when followed by another verb, becomingdùn-ún and subcategorizes an embedded clause.
    Synonyms
    [edit]
    Yoruba Varieties and Languages -dùn(“to besweet”)
    view map;edit data
    Language FamilyVariety GroupVariety/LanguageSubdialectLocationWords
    Proto-Itsekiri-SEYSoutheast YorubaÀoÌdóàníyàn
    Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè)Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè)yùn
    Ìjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀bú Òdeyùn
    Rẹ́mọẸ̀pẹ́yùn
    Ìkòròdúyùn
    Ṣágámùyùn
    Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)Òkìtìpupayọ̀n
    Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ)Mahinyọ̀n
    OǹdóOǹdóyọ̀n
    Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀)Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀)yọ̀n
    ÌtsẹkírìÌwẹrẹyọ̀n
    OlùkùmiUgbódùyọ̀n
    Proto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìyụ̀n,dụ̀n
    Àkúrẹ́Àkúrẹ́yụ̀n,dụ̀n
    Mọ̀bàỌ̀tùn Èkìtìyụ̀n,dụ̀n
    Northwest YorubaÀwórìÈbúté Mẹ́tàdùn
    ÈkóÈkódùn
    ÌbàdànÌbàdàndùn
    ÌlọrinÌlọrindùn
    OǹkóÒtùdọ̀n
    Ìwéré Ilédọ̀n
    Òkèhòdùn
    Ìsẹ́yìndọ̀n
    Ṣakídọ̀n
    Tedédùn
    Ìgbẹ́tìdùn
    Ọ̀yọ́Ọ̀yọ́dùn
    StandardYorùbáNàìjíríàdùn
    Bɛ̀nɛ̀dùn
    Northeast Yoruba/OkunÌyàgbàÌsánlú Ìtẹ̀dódùn
    OwéKabbadùn
    Ede Languages/Southwest YorubaIfɛ̀Akpáréɖɔ̃̀
    Atakpamɛɖɔ̃̀
    Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti)ɖɔ̃̀
    Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo.
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    dùn

    1. tohurt, to bepainful (physically)
      egbò ńdùn mí ―The ulcer ishurting me
    2. to bepainful (mentally)
      ódùn mí pé ó kú ―Itpained me that she died
    Usage notes
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    • dun before a direct object
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 3

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    dún

    1. (transitive) toemit asound
      ẹyẹ yìídún ―This birdmade a sound
    Derived terms
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    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=dun&oldid=84390366"
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