du
name du
all Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007 ) “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, inOceanic Linguistics , volume46 , number 2 Äiwoo " in Greenhill, S.J.,Blust, R. , &Gray, R.D. (2008).The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics .Evolutionary Bioinformatics du
Dialectal form ofdua du
thou ,you Alemannic German personal pronouns nominative accusative dative possessivem singular 1st person ich i mich mi mir mier mer min miin 2nd familiar du dich di dir dier der din diin polite Si Ine Ene -ne Ire 3rd m er in en im sin siin f si ire n es 's -s im sin siin plural 1st person mir mer üs öis ois eus üse öise oise euse 2nd person ir ier öi eu öie eure 3rd person si ine ene -ne ire
du
a kind ofbird FromProto-Nuristani *dū Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
du ( Sanu ) [ 1]
two ^ Strand, Richard F. (2016 ) “d′u”, inNûristânî Etymological Lexicon [1] du
household IPA (key ) : /du/ [d̪u] Rhymes:-u Hyphenation:du du
Third-person singular (hark hura izan Linguistically, this verb form can be seen as belonging to the reconstructed citation formedun izan
Cognate withGerman du
du
you ( nominative, singular ) FromProto-Brythonic *duβ Proto-Celtic *dubus Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-
du
black swollen starved du m
black The templateTemplate:br-noun-mutation does not use the parameter(s):g=m Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.
du
third-person singular present indicative ofduañ The templateTemplate:br-verb-mutation does not use the parameter(s):g=m Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.
du (plural duwants
yew Sadaf Munshi (2015 ) “Word Lists”, inBurushaski Language Documentation Project [3]
du
inflection ofdur third-person singular present indicative second-person singular imperative FromMiddle High German du Old High German dū Proto-West Germanic *þū Proto-Germanic *þū German du English thou tha
du
( Luserna , Sette Comuni ) you ( thou ,singular familiar ) Bobralldu geast, gedenkhte berdu pist. ―Whereveryou go, remember whoyou are. Sette Comuni:
Cimbrian personal pronouns nominative accusative dative 1st person singular ich mich miar 2nd person familiar du dich diar polite iart ach òich 3rd person m èar ar in en iime f zi ze iar n es is es 's iime 1st person plural bar bandare zich izàndarn 2nd person plural iart iartàndare artàndare òich ach ogàndarn 3rd person plural ze zòi zandare zich innàndarn
Luserna:
“du” inMartalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974 )Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini , 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013)Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter FromProto-Brythonic *duβ Proto-Celtic *dubus Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-
du
black du:
dark Colors in Cornish ·liwyow (layout ·text ) gwynn loos glas du rudh kogh rudhvelyn melynrudh gell gorm melyn losvelyn gwyrdh gwer glas glaswyrdh glaswer gwerlas glaswyn blou glas glasrudh purpur indigo majenta purpur glasrudh gwynnrudh kigliw
FromOld Danish thu Old Norse þú Proto-Germanic *þū Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ ( “ you ” ) . Cognate withEnglish thou Latin tū Sanskrit त्वम् ( tvam ) ,Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬨 ( tūm ) ,Russian ты ( ty ) .
du (objective dig
thou ,you ( 2nd person singular subject pronoun, informal ) FromOld Danish dughæ Old Norse duga Proto-Germanic *duganą ( “ to be useful ” ) , cognate withSwedish duga German taugen Gothic 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 ( dugan ) .
du (imperative du present dur or duer past duede past participle duet
begood befit Conjugation ofdu active passive present duer ordur — past duede — infinitive du — imperative du —
participle present - past duet have gerund —
du
interrogative particle (placed at the end of the sentence to make a question) FromMiddle Dutch du Old Dutch thū Proto-West Germanic *þū Proto-Germanic *þū Proto-Indo-European *túh₂
du
( obsolete or dialectal ) Second-person singular informal pronoun ;thou 1620 Velt-teycken, alle eerbare jonge lieden toegeeygent :Sy roept,du bist een slaef, in mijne dienst gebonden She calls,thou art a slave, bound to my service 1625 Wiech-liedt :Soo leytdyn memmetjedy indyn wiechje te rust. Sothy mama laysthee to rest inthy cradle. Du was already falling out of general use in early modern Dutch. It was still relatively common in the oblique cases, in vocatives or close to vocative appositions and when indicating contempt.The corresponding verbal ending was-st zijn bist hebben hebst hest -stu ;bistu ,hebstu . FromOld Norse þú Proto-Germanic *þū Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ Swedish du
du
you ( singular ) ,thou FromLatin duo Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
du
two (2 )FromOld Galician-Portuguese do de ( “ of ” ) +u ( masculine singular definite article ) .
du m sg plural dus feminine da feminine plural das
( Lagarteiru , Valverdeñu ) of the Valeš, Miroslav (2021 )Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web) [4] 2022 ,→ISBN Inherited fromOld French del *deau , but it underwent stronger contraction. Akin toGalician do Portuguese do Sicilian dû Italian Spanish del
du
Contraction ofde +le ( “ of the ” ) « Eussent » est la troisième personnedu pluriel de l’imparfaitdu subjonctif de « avoir ». "Eussent" is the third-person plural imperfect subjunctive [form] of "avoir." 1802 Métrologie française 249 :Le bouge donne 9[neuf] litres plus que le point qui correspond à celuidu diamètre des fonds indiqué par la jauge[ …] The bulge gives 9[nine] liters more than the point which corresponds to thatof the diameter of the base indicated by the gauge [ …] Only used before nouns (or nominalized forms of other parts of speech, most often adjectives) that begin with consonants; before vowel-initial words, the formde l’ de l’imparfait . du m sg feminine singular de la plural des
Forms the partitive article. Il mangedu pain. ―He eats bread. / He eatssome bread. The partitive article is used withuncountable nouns instead of the indefinite article (which is only used with countable nouns). English and most other European languages do not use any article in such cases. Like the indefinite article, the partitive article becomes simplede Il ne mange pasde pain. ( “ He doesn't eat bread. ” ) After the actual prepositionde ( “ of, from ” ) , the partitive article is deleted. So one can never say*de du or*de de la . du
man FromMiddle High German du duo dū Old High German dū Old Saxon thū English thou Proto-West Germanic *þū Proto-Germanic *þū Proto-Indo-European *túh₂
( unstressed, standard ) IPA (key ) : /du/ ( unstressed, colloquial ) IPA (key ) : /də/ After the second person singular verb ending-st /d/ is generally lost when the pronoun is unstressed. Thushast du is pronounced[ˈhast‿u] even in purposefully enunciated speech. In colloquial speech, chiefly of northern and central Germany, the/d/ can be lost after any precedingcoronal . Thuswenn du may be pronounced[ˈvɛn‿u] or[ˈvɛn‿ə] . du
you (singular familiar),thou Du is the informal second person pronoun. In formal speech, the third person pluralSie (always capitalised) is used instead.A general rule of thumb is thatdu is used to address one's friends, relatives, and those under about 16 years of age.Du is always used to address children and non-human beings. Usage also depends on the setting: two unacquainted, middle-aged persons are likely to usedu when they meet at social gatherings, but much less so when they happen on each other in the street. People under 30 often usedu among each other, but they still useSie when one of them is at work, e.g. in a shop (some cafés and most pubs are an exception). There is also a great deal of (often subtle) regional variation throughout the German-speaking world.
“du ” inDuden online “du ” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache du
Romanization of𐌳𐌿 FromProto-Gbe *ɖu Fon ɖù Saxwe Gbe ɖù Adja ɖù Ewe ɖu
dù ( Nigeria )
toeat tobite Àgọ̀sú hò àvún dàhó dé bọ̀ àvún wádù ví étọ̀n ―Agosu bought a certain big dog and the dog eventuallybit his child towin FromMiddle High German Old High German dū Old Saxon thū English thou Proto-Germanic *þū Proto-Indo-European *túh₂
du
thou ,you Du bist aarich scheen.You are so beautiful.FromEsperanto du French deux Spanish dos Italian due Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
du
two (2)Derived fromEnglish do
du
todo Shi aks im fidu sitn fi ar. She asked him todo something for her. Singin muotaimdu ina gruup a ada myuuzishan Singing is oftendone in a group of other musicians 2012 Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment 2012 ,→ISBN Filipiyan 4:13:Mi kyandu eniting, kaaz Krais Jiizas gi mi di powa fidu it. I cando all things through Christ, because he gives me strength [todo it]. du
Thekatakana syllableドゥ ( du ) inHepburn -like romanization. FromSanskrit द्व ( dva ) , fromProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Hindi दो ( do ) ,Bhojpuri दू ( dū ) ,Konkani दोन ( don ) .
du
two (2)FromProto-Baltic *d(u)u̯ō Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Latvian divi Latin duo
dù m feminine dvi̇̀
two (2)FromProto-Slavic *jьdǫ ( first-person singular ) and*jьdǫtь ( third-person plural ) , inflected forms of*jьti
du
inflection ofhyś first-person singular present third-person plural present ( first-person singular ) : źom FromProto-Germanic *þū
du
second-person singular, informal, nominative :you ,thou Wéi al bassdu ? ―How old areyou ? du
Nonstandard spelling ofdū Nonstandard spelling ofdú Nonstandard spelling ofdǔ Nonstandard spelling ofdù Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.FromOld Dutch thū Proto-West Germanic *þū Proto-Germanic *þū
du
thou ,you ( singular, informal ) Synonym: gi This pronoun began to be replaced bygi
Middle Dutch personal pronouns
“du ”, inVroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek ,2000 Verwijs, E. ,Verdam, J. (1885–1929 ) “du ”, inMiddelnederlandsch Woordenboek , The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff,→ISBN du
Alternative form ofdewe ( “ due ” ) Inherited fromOld High German dū Proto-West Germanic *þū Proto-Germanic *þū Old English þū Old Norse þú Proto-Indo-European *túh₂
du or dû
( personal ) you ( thou ) The distinction of the forms
siu and
sie as shown above is typical of earlier
Upper German texts, but was never general. The forms
sī and
si existed additionally and all four were increasingly used without differentiation.
Alemannic German:du Swabian:dau d Bavarian:Cimbrian:du Mòcheno:du Central Franconian:du dou Hunsrik:du Kölsch:do German:du Luxembourgish:du Rhine Franconian:Palatine German:du Pennsylvania German:du Yiddish:דו ( du ) FromOld Saxon thū Proto-Germanic *þū
dû
thou ,you ( second person singular nominative ) Middle Low German personal pronouns nominative accusative dative genitive singular 1st person ik ek mî mê mik mek mîn mîner 2nd person dû dî dê dik dek dîn dîner 3rd person m hê hî hie ēne en ȫne ȫn ēme em ȫme en sîn sîner n it et f sê sî sie sü̂ ēre ēr ērer ȫrer plural 1st person wî wê wie uns ûs ös ü̂sik unser ûser 2nd person gî jê î jû jûwe û jük gik jûwer ûwer 3rd person sê sî sie em öm jüm en ēnen ȫnen ēre ēr ērer ȫrer
For an explanation of the forms in bracketssee here .
FromMiddle High German du Old High German dū Proto-West Germanic *þū Proto-Germanic *þū German du English thou tha
du
you ( thou , singular familiar) du
( intransitive ) sink FromLatin dux, ducem
du m
duke FromOld Frisian dwā Proto-Germanic *dōną West Frisian dwaan English do
du
( Föhr-Amrum ) do ( Föhr-Amrum ) give infinitive I du infinitive II (tu past participle den imperative singular du imperative plural du’m present past 1st singular du ded, diad 2nd singular deest dedst, diadst 3rd singular dee ded, diad plural du ded, diad perfect pluperfect 1st singular haa hed 2nd singular heest hedst 3rd singular hee hed plural haa hed future (skel) future (wel) 1st singular skal wal 2nd singular skääl wääl 3rd singular skal wal plural skel wel
FromProto-Iranian *dwáH Persian دو ( do ) ,Pashto دوه ( dwa ) ,Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀 ( duua ) ), fromProto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH Sanskrit द्व ( dvá ) ,Marathi दोन ( don ) ,Hindi दो ( do ) /Urdu دو ( do ) ,Punjabi ਦੋ ( do ) ), fromProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Russian два ( dva ) ,Lithuanian du Greek δύο ( dýo ) ,Spanish dos English two
du
two (2)dū
accusative / genitive don FromOld Norse þú ( “ you ” ) , fromProto-Germanic *þū ( “ you ” ) , fromProto-Indo-European *túh₂ ( “ you ” ) .
du (objective case deg
thou ,you (second person, singular)due ( “ to say 'you' to someone ” ) du
imperative ofdue “du” inThe Bokmål Dictionary .FromOld Norse þú Proto-Germanic *þū Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ English thou
du (objective case deg
you ,thou (second person, singular)“du” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary .Norwegian Nynorsk personal pronouns first person second person reflexive third person masculine feminine neuter singular nominative eg je 1 du — han ho det dat 2 accusative meg deg seg han honom 2 ho henne 2 det dat 2 dative 2 meg deg seg honom henne di 2 genitive min din sin hans hennar hennes 1 dess 3 plural nominative me vi de dokker — dei accusative oss okk dykk dokker seg dei deim 2 dative oss okk dykk dokker seg deim 2 genitive vår okkar dykkar dokkar sin deira deires 1
1 Obsolete.2 Landsmål.3 Rare or literary. Italic forms unofficial today.
du
toboil Musa dàdà á nakàndu ―Musa quicklyboiled the meat tobrew dù
( of rain ) fall Ele èdù à ―It's not raining (literally, “Rain is notfalling ”)du
toshake du
bird Bill Palmer,The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN , 2017), page 531, table 95,Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages
du
contraction ofde le one drawing of the inscription on the Bülach fibula FromProto-West Germanic *þū Proto-Germanic *þū Old English þū Old Norse þú Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ Bülach fibula , which may showᛞᚢ ( du ) already differentiated from other Germanic languages’þu .
dū
thou ,you ( second-person singular pronoun ) 6th-7th century , inscription on theBülach fibula :ᚠᚱᛁᚠᚱᛁᛞᛁᛚ /ᛞᚢ / ...du /[ …] frifridil /du / ...du /[ …] [my] beloved,you / [ …] Some speakers ofOld High German appear to have contrasted the "polite" singular (plural forms) with the regular, informal singular (singular forms), as inNew High German (Modern German)Sie versusdu . This distinction is however not well-attested, and may have been regional, genre-dependent, or only in Late Old High German.
Old High German personal pronouns Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Singular First ih ihha ihcha mīn mir mih Second dū dīn dir dih Third Masculine er her (sīn imu imo inan in Feminine siu sī si ira iru iro iru iro sia Neuter iz es is imu imo iz Plural First wir unsēr uns unsih Second ir iuwēr iu iuwih Third Masculine sie iro im in sie Feminine sio iro im in sio Neuter siu iro im in siu Polite form Second ir iuwēr iu iuwih
Middle High German:du Alemannic German:du Swabian:dau d Bavarian:Cimbrian:du Mòcheno:du Central Franconian:du dou Hunsrik:du Kölsch:do German:du Luxembourgish:du Rhine Franconian:Palatine German:du Pennsylvania German:du Yiddish:דו ( du ) Heinz Klingenberg,Runenfibel von Bülach, Kanton Zürich. Liebesinschrift aus alemannischer Frühzeit , in theAlemannisches Jahrbuch (1973/75 ), page 308 Heinz Klingenberg,Die Runeninschrift aus Bülach , inHelvetia archaeologica , volume 7 (1976 ), pages 116–121 Stephan Opitz,Südgermanische Runeninschriften im älteren Futhark aus der Merowingerzeit (Freiburg im Breisgau,1977 ) du
Alternative form ofdo Mutation ofdu radical lenition nasalization du du pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ ndu
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
Pennsylvania German [ edit ] CompareGerman du English thou Swedish du
du
you ,thou du
those Pite Sami demonstrative pronouns singular plural proximal dát dá distal dat da remote dut du
Joshua Wilbur (2014 )A grammar of Pite Saami , Berlin: Language Science Press du oblique die
you (singular)FromLatin dŭo ( “ two ” ) .
( Central Romagnol ) :IPA (key ) : [ˈduː]
du (feminine dó
two Masotti, Adelmo (1996 )Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary 189, 194 du
second-person singular imperative ofduce FromOld Frisian thū Proto-West Germanic *þū
du (oblique die
thou ,you du is at times omitted when used with a verb.Marron C. Fort (2015 ) “du ”, inSaterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht , Buske,→ISBN du (objective case dee vocative dee possessive determiner dines
Northern Isles form ofthou ( “ thou ” ) “du ”, inThe Dictionary of the Scots Language Scottish Language Dictionaries , 2004–present,→OCLC
FromEnglish do
du
todo du
deed ,action Probably fromEwe ɖú ( “ dance ” ) ,Fon ɖùwè ( “ dance ” ) .[ 1]
du
( historical ) ^ Norval Smith (2009 ) “A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, inP. Muysken , N. Smith, editors,Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund , Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton,→ISBN 465 du
Romanization of𒁺 ( du ) FromOld Swedish þū Old Norse þú Proto-Germanic *þū Proto-Indo-European *túh₂
IPA (key ) : /dʉː/ ,[d̪ʉː] ,( unstressed ) /dɵ/ Rhymes:-ʉː du
you ( subjective case, singular ) Nisse,du är en liten groda Nisse,you are a small frog 1981 X Models , “Två av oss [Two of us ]”[5] Det finns bara en av mig och det är jag. Det finns bara en av dig och det ärdu . Det finns bara två av oss, och det är vi. There is only one of me and that is I. There is only one of you [object] and that isyou [subject]. There are only two of us, and that is us [we – subject]. [Swedish has some of the same subject/object fuzziness as English, but a standalone "Det är <pronoun>" idiomatically (through intuition rather than being taught) uses the subject form] thou (if fitting for the context)1649 Jacobus Petri Chronander ,Bele-Snack, Eller Een Ny Comœdia , act I, scene IV, page40 :TV Konstrijke Mästare, godt rådh giff,THOU artful Master, good counsel give,Used as avocative to get someone's attention;hey Du Nisse, har du matat katten?Hey Nisse, have you fed the cat?Jo kom precis på en till Oh, by the way [roughly – literally, "yeah you," or "listen you" or the like – seejo 1984 Varg sångenThe wolf song ]”,Astrid Lindgren (lyrics),Björn Isfält (music)[6] Lena Nyman :Vargen ylar i nattens skog. Han vill men kan inte sova. Hungern river hans vargabuk, och det är kallt i hans stova.Du varg,du varg, kom inte hit. Ungen min får du aldrig. The wolf howls in the forest of the night. He wants to sleep but cannot. ["He wants to but cannot sleep" – "He wants to X" is "Han vill X"] [The] hunger tears his wolf's belly, and it is cold in hisstove [archaic, dialectal, in the dated English sense].Hey wolf,hey wolf, do not come here [hither, to here]. My child you will never have. Whiledu du-reformen
Recently, use of the second-person plural pronounni
The same pronounni T-V distinction in Wikipedia.
Swedish personal pronouns Number Person nominative oblique possessive common neuter plural singular first — jag mig mej 3 min mitt mina second — du dig dej 3 din ditt dina third masculine (person)han honom han 2 ,en 5 hans feminine (person)hon henne na 5 hennes gender-neutral (person)1 hen hen henom 7 hens common (noun)den den dess neuter (noun)det det dess indefinite man or en 4 en ens reflexive — sig sej 3 sin sitt sina plural first — vi oss vår våran 2 vårt vårat 2 våra second — ni er er eran 2 ,ers 6 ert erat 2 era archaic I eder eder eders 6 edert edra third — de dom 3 dem dom 3 deras reflexive — sig sej 3 sin sitt sina
1 Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.
2 Informal
4 Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative toman , to avoid association to the male gender.
5 Informal, somewhat dialectal
6 Formal address
du
his /her FromProto-Nuristani *dū Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáH Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
du ( Gambir ) [ 1]
two ^ Strand, Richard F. (2016 ) “d′u”, inNûristânî Etymological Lexicon [2] CompareItalian due
du m
two Both characters below depict a single etymology.遊 MC do do thám
du
Sino-Vietnamese reading of遊 Sino-Vietnamese reading of游 FromProto-Brythonic *duβ Proto-Celtic *dubus Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-
du (feminine singular du plural duon equative dued comparative duach superlative duaf
black Mae ganddo fo fwstashdu . He has ablack mustache Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
du
smooth dù
toscramble for, tocompete wọ́ndu oúnjẹ ―Theyscrambled for food du before a direct objectdu
( Lagos , intransitive ) run , tosprint Synonym: sá dú
( intransitive , of a person or animal) bleed Synonyms: dújẹ̀ ṣẹ̀jẹ̀ ìdú ( “ the act of bleeding ” ) Cognate withIgala dú
dú
to beblack , to bedark Antonym: fun ódú láwọ̀ ―Her skinis dark 
