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dobry

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Dobry,dobrý,anddôbry

Czech

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈdobrɪ]
  • Hyphenation:dob‧ry

Noun

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dobry

  1. instrumentalplural ofdobro

Anagrams

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Lower Sorbian

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*dobrъ.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dobry (comparative lěpšy, superlative nejlěpšy, adverbderje)

  1. good

Declension

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Declension ofdobry
singulardualplural
masculineneuterfemininevirilenonvirilevirilenonvirile
animateinanimate
nominative
vocative		dobrydobredobradobrejdobre
genitivedobrego
dobreg¹		dobreje
dobrej¹		dobrejudobrych
dativedobremu
dobrem¹		dobrejdobrymadobrym
accusativedobrego
dobreg¹		dobrydobredobrudobrejudobrejdobre,dobrychdobre
instrumentaldobrymdobreju
dobrej¹		dobrymadobrymi
locativedobrem
dobrym²		dobrejdobrymadobrych

¹poetic,colloquial
²obsolete,dialectal

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “dobry”, inSłownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague:ОРЯС РАН,ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag,2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999), “dobry”, inDolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Old Polish

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Etymology

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  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*dʰh₂ebʰ-der.
    Proto-Balto-Slavic*dabras
    Proto-Slavic*dòbrъ
    Old Polishdobry

    Inherited fromProto-Slavic*dòbrъ. First attested in the 14th century.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE)/dɔbriː/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE)/dɔbri/

    Adjective

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    dobry (comparativelepszy,derived adverbdobrze)

    1. good(beneficial; kind)
    2. good(moral, ethical)
    3. good(trustworthy)
    4. noble(high in a social hierarchy)
    5. good(of high quality)
    6. good(having a nice taste or flavor)
    7. long(lasting a long time)
    8. good(correct, apt, not wrong)
    9. good(legitimate)
    10. successful
    11. of a certainvalue
    12. good(used in titles)
    13. corruption ofdroby

    Derived terms

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    adjectives
    averb
    nouns
    verbs

    Related terms

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    adjectives
    adverbs
    nouns
    verbs

    Descendants

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    References

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    • Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “dobry”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
    • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “dobry”, inJan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors,Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
    • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “dobry”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
    • B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “dobry”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

    Polish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*dʰh₂ebʰ-der.
    Proto-Balto-Slavic*dabras
    Proto-Slavic*dòbrъ
    Old Polishdobry
    Polishdobry

    Inherited fromOld Polishdobry.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    dobry (comparativelepszyor(humorous or ironic)lepsiejszyor(humorous or ironic)dobrzejszy,superlativenajlepszyor(humorous or ironic)najlepsiejszyor(humorous or ironic)najdobrzejszy,derived adverbdobrze)

    1. good(moral, ethical)
    2. good(kind, nice, willing to help) [withdla(+genitive)‘for whom’]
    3. good(of a mood; cheerful, fun, nice)
    4. good(successful)
    5. good(hard-working; tending to carry out one's duties)
    6. good(of a living thing or its parts; functioning)
    7. good(high quality)
    8. good(apt, as wanted or expected)
    9. good(of food and drink; tasty)
    10. good(beneficial)
    11. good(resulting from a correct choice)
    12. good(having a high quality)[withz(+genitive)orw(+locative)‘at what’]
    13. good(kind, fair, just)
    14. good(having a high social hierarchical position)
    15. good(in close relations)
    16. good(beneficial)
    17. good(expressing approval)
    18. (colloquial)good(having a large size; lasting a long time)
      Obrót Ziemi wokół Słońca zajmujedobre 365 dni. ―The rotation of the Earth around the Sun takes agood 365 days.
      Pojechaliśmydobry kawałek drogi. ―We covered agood bit of distance (literally, “We drove agood chunk of road.”)
    19. good(healthy)
    20. (obsolete)rich
      Synonym:bogaty
    21. (Middle Polish)good;Further details are uncertain.
      • 1564, J. Mączyński,Lexicon‎[1], page 6c:
        Albus, Biały/ per Metaphoram. Bonus,Dobry
        [Albus, Biały/ per Metaphoram. Bonus,Dobry]
      • 1568, M. Rej,Zwierciadło‎[2], page238v:
        Dobry/ to ſłowo/ Káżdemu zdrowo.
        [Dobry/ to słowo/ Każdemu zdrowo.]
      • 1588, A. Calepinus,Dictionarium decem linguarum‎[3], page775a:
        Perbonus ‒ Barzodobri.
        [Perbonus ‒ Barzodobry.]
    22. (Chełmno)ripe
      Synonym:dojrzały

    Declension

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    Declension ofdobry (hard)
    singularplural
    masculine animatemasculine inanimatefeminineneutervirile (= masculine personal)non-virile
    nominative/vocativedobrydobradobredobrzydobre
    genitivedobregodobrejdobregodobrych
    dativedobremudobrejdobremudobrym
    accusativedobregodobrydobrądobredobrychdobre
    instrumentaldobrymdobrądobrymdobrymi
    locativedobrymdobrejdobrymdobrych

    Noun

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    dobry m inan

    1. (education)B(the letter grade assigned)[withz(+genitive)‘in what subject’]
      Synonym:czwórka

    Declension

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    Declension ofdobry
    singularplural
    nominativedobrydobre
    genitivedobregodobrych
    dativedobremudobrym
    accusativedobrydobre
    instrumentaldobrymdobrymi
    locativedobrymdobrych
    vocativedobrydobre

    Synonyms

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    Antonyms

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    Derived terms

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    adjectives
    adverbs
    interjections
    nouns
    particle
    proverb
    verbs
    verbs

    Related terms

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    adjective
    adverb

    Trivia

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    According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),dobry is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 29 times in scientific texts, 32 times in news, 50 times in essays, 64 times in fiction, and 121 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 296 times, making it the 170th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

    References

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    1. ^Ida Kurcz (1990), “dobry”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page77

    Further reading

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    Silesian

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    Etymology

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  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*dʰh₂ebʰ-der.
    Proto-Balto-Slavic*dabras
    Proto-Slavic*dòbrъ
    Old Polishdobry
    Silesiandobry

    Inherited fromOld Polishdobry.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    dobry (comparativelepszy,superlativenojlepszy,derived adverbdobrze)

    1. good
      Antonyms:niydobry,zły

    Declension

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    Declension ofdobry
    singularplural
    masculineneuterfemininevirilenonvirile
    animateinanimate
    nominativedobrydobredobrŏdobrzidobre
    genitivedobregodobryjdobrych
    dativedobrymudobryjdobrym
    accusativedobregodobrydobredobrõdobrychdobre
    instrumentaldobrymdobrōmdobrymi
    locativedobrymdobryjdobrych
    vocativedobrydobredobrŏdobrzidobre

    Related terms

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    interjections

    Further reading

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    Upper Sorbian

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromProto-Slavic*dobrъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    dobry (comparativelěpši,superlativenajlěpši,absolute superlativenanajlěpši,excessivepředobry,adverbderje)

    1. good

    Declension

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    Declension ofdobry
    singulardualplural
    masculineneuterfemininevirilenonvirilevirilenonvirile
    personal/animalinanimate
    nominative, vocativedobrydobredobradobrajdobrejdobridobre
    genitivedobreho
    dobroh¹    		dobrejedobrejudobrych
    dativedobremu
    dobrom¹    		dobrejdobrymajdobrym
    accusativedobreho
    dobroh¹    		dobrydobredobrudobrejudobrejdobrychdobre
    instrumentaldobrymdobrejdobrymajdobrymi
    locativedobrych

    References

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