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dame

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "dame"

English

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WOTD – 9 December 2018

Etymology

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English actress DameJudi Dench at the60th British Academy Film Awards in February 2007. Dench was appointed Dame Commander of theOrder of the British Empire in 1988, and thus uses the title “Dame”(sense 1)

FromMiddle Englishdame,dam(noble lady), fromOld Frenchdame(lady; term of address for a woman; the queen in card games and chess), fromLatindomina(mistress of the house),[1]feminine form ofdominus(lord, master, ruler; owner of a residence), or fromLatindomus(home, house).Doublet ofdomina anddonna.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dame (pluraldames)

  1. (British)Usually capitalized asDame: atitleequivalent toSir for afemaleknight.
    Dame Edith Sitwell
  2. (British) Amatron at aschool, especiallyEton College.
    • 2005, Paul Shrimpton, “Darnell’s School”, inA Catholic Eton?: Newman’s Oratory School, Leominster, Herefordshire: Gracewing,→ISBN,page88:
      Even though thedames’ houses were being gradually phased out at Eton,[John Henry] Newman was enthusiastic about the arrangement since it met one of the promoters’ key demands; besides, he had experienced something similar as a boy at Ealing School, where the boarding houses were also under the jurisdiction ofdames. The Ealingdames ensured that boys were properly dressed and cared for them when sick, and they also ran the tuck shops.
    • 2016, David Noy, “Parents, Childhood, Youth (1739–1760)”, inDr Johnson’s Friend andRobert Adam’s Client Topham Beauclerk, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Cambridge Scholars Publishing,→ISBN,page14:
      As he [Fréderic Guyaz] worked forTopham [Beauclerk] while he was at Eton, it is likely that Topham was a day-boarder there, living at home in Windsor. His Eton "dame" was Mrs. Bland; day-boarders were allocated to adame at whose house they took their meals.
      Windsor is on the opposite side of the River Thames from Eton.
  3. (British, theater) Intraditionalpantomime: amelodramaticfemale oftenplayed by aman indrag.
    • 1870 January 29, “English Pantomime. In Two Parts.—Part II.”, inWilliam,Robert Chambers, editors,Chambers’s Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Art, volume VII (Fourth Series), number318, London, Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers,→OCLC, chapter X,pages73 and 74:
      [page 73, column 2]Mother Goose was produced on the 29th of December; Simmons playing the OldDame;[] [page 74, column 1] Bugle condemns her to the ducking-stool, a sentence opposed by Colin, who espouses the cause of the OldDame, who, escaping from her persecutors, puts an end to the wedding festivities by raising the ghost of the Squire's first wife.
    • 2013, Maureen Hughes, “Welcome to the Magical World of Pantomime”, inA History of Pantomime, Barnsley, South Yorkshire:Pen & Sword History,→ISBN,page34:
      TheDame in a Panto is generally a large, gregarious and out-going man who plays the part of a large, gregarious and out-going woman.[] Every successful actor who plays the part ofDame in Panto knows that the secret of his success is that it should be obvious that it is a man playing a part, for this is not a Drag act; the intention is not to be as womanly as possible, but always to be 'a feller in a frock'.[] Oh how everyone loves the PantoDame for sheis Panto.
  4. (US, dated, informal, slightly derogatory) Awoman.
  5. (archaic) Alady, a woman.
    • 1576,George Whetstone, “The Castle of Delight: []”, inThe Rocke of Regard, [], London: [] [H. Middleton] for Robert Waley,→OCLC; republished inJ[ohn] P[ayne] Collier, editor,The Rocke of Regard, [] (Illustrations of Early English Poetry;vol. 2, no. 2), London: Privately printed,[1867?],→OCLC,page55:
      Now, thou, dearedame, that workſte theſe ſweete effectes in mee, / Vouchsafe my zeale, that onely ſeeke to ſerve and honour thee.
    • a.1638,Ben Jonson, “The Twelvth Night’s Revells”, in Peter Cunningham, edited byDavid Laing,Inigo Jones and Ben Jonson: Being the Life of Inigo Jones. [], London: Printed for the Shakespeare Society, [], published1853,→OCLC,page101:
      [T]hough they were first-form'ddames of Earth, / And in whose sparcklinge and refulgent eyes / The glorious sonne did still delight to rise;[]
    • 1684,Edward Ravenscroft,Dame Dobson: Or, The Cunning Woman. A Comedy as it is Acted at the Duke’s Theatre, London: Printed for Joseph Hindmarsh, [],→OCLC, act I, scene xi,page25:
      And do you think myDameDobſon don't know a little better than you? She tells you, you need ſay no more, and 'tis an affront to her Art not to believe her; and I'le not ſee myDame affronted.
    • 1835 April,[Nathaniel Hawthorne], “Young Goodman Brown”, inThe New-England Magazine, volume VIII, Boston, Mass.: E. R. Broaders, [],→OCLC,page252:
      [H]e pointed his staff at a female figure on the path, in whom goodman Brown recognized a very pious and exemplarydame, who had taught him his catechism, in youth, and was still his moral and spiritual adviser, jointly with the minister and deacon Gookin.
    • 1849,Wolfgang Menzel, “First Period. Heathen Antiquity.”, in Mrs. George Horrocks, transl.,The History of Germany, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time.[...] Translated from the Fourth German Edition.[...] In Three Volumes, volume I, London:Henry G[eorge] Bohn, [],→OCLC, part I (Origin and Manners of the Ancient Germans), section XX (Wolen and Walkyren),page45:
      The poetical relation between the pagan warrior and his celestial bride changed, in course of time, to that between the Christian knight and his ladye-bright, who also was not always an earthlydame, but the holy Virgin or some saint.
  6. The hereditary feudal ruler (seigneur) of Sark, when the title is held by a woman in her own right.
  7. (chess, slang) Aqueen.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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title equivalent to Sir for a female knight
(US, dated, informal, slightly derogatory) a woman
(archaic) lady, woman

See also

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Verb

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dame (third-person singular simple presentdames,present participledaming,simple past and past participledamed)

  1. Tomake a dame.
    • 1805,Richard Twiss, “On Draughts”, inMiscellanies, volume II, London: [], page162:
      The French call simplyPawn, “la Dame qui n’est point Damée, et l’on n’appelle Dame proprement dite, que le Pion qui est Damé, et couvert d’un autre Pion,” which means “the Draught or Pawn which is notdamed, and which is only termedDame orQueen, when the Pawn which isdamed, is covered with another Pawn.”
    • 1995, H. Paul Jeffers,A Grand Night For Murder:
      Jonathan’s first edition ofCalais was signed by DameAgatha [Christie]. Not as Dame Agatha, just plain Agatha. She gotDamed later.
    • 1995,Mediaweek, pageC-8:
      []Joanna Lumley, both pros in their respective fields, and both Brits in their respective hearts, are now both newly knighted (damed, in Lumley’s case) by England’s Queen Lizzy.
    • 2004,John Lahr, “Barry Humphries: Playing possum”, in Matthew Ricketson, editor,The Best Australian Profiles,Black Inc.,→ISBN, page215:
      Edna [Everage] wasdamed spontaneously, on camera, by the Socialist Australian prime ministerGough Whitlam.
    • 2006, Andrew Hosken,Nothing Like a Dame: The Scandals of Shirley Porter, London:Granta Books,→ISBN, page289:
      Peter Bradley, deputy leader of the Labour group, scoffed that she [Shirley Porter] had been ‘Damed with faint praise’ and further observed that every pantomime needs a Dame.
    • 2013, Tracy Farr,Life and Loves of Lena Gaunt,Fremantle Press:
      And then, of course, there was thedame-ing. It didn’t take much to be made a dame in the ’70s.

References

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  1. ^dāme,n.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved16 February 2018.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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FromDutchdame, fromMiddle Dutchdame, fromMiddle Frenchdame, fromOld Frenchdame, fromLatindomina.

Noun

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dame (pluraldames,diminutivedametjie)

  1. lady
  2. (chess)queen

Derived terms

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See also

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Chess pieces in Afrikaans ·skaakstukke (skaak +stukke)(layout ·text)
♚♛♜♝♞♟
koningdametoringloperruiterpion

Danish

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Etymology

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FromFrenchdame(lady), fromLatindomina.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /daːmə/,[ˈd̥æːmə]

Noun

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dame c (singular definitedamen,plural indefinitedamer)

  1. (polite)lady,woman(adult female)
  2. lady(adult female with a cultivated appearance)
  3. (informal)girlfriend
  4. (card games)queen

Declension

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Declension ofdame
common
gender
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativedamedamendamerdamerne
genitivedamesdamensdamersdamernes

Derived terms

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  • damet(ladyish, ladylike)

See also

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Playing cards in Danish ·kort,spillekort(layout ·text)
estoertreerfirerfemmerseksersyver
otterniertierknægt,bondedame,dronningkongejoker

Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchdame, fromMiddle Frenchdame, fromOld Frenchdame, fromLatindomina.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dame f (pluraldames,diminutivedametje n)

  1. lady
    1. noblewoman
      Synonym:edelvrouw
    2. Polite term or title of address for any (adult or adolescent) woman.
      Synonyms:mevrouw,madam
  2. (chess, card games)queen
    Synonym:koningin

Usage notes

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  • The nonstandard pluraldamesch is occasionally encountered in archaising contexts, particularly insororities. This spelling, however, is anunetymological faux-archaism, as the plural marker-s was historically never spelled-sch.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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See also

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Chess pieces in Dutch ·schaakstukken (schaak +stukken)(layout ·text)
♚♛♜♝♞♟
koningkoningin,dametorenloper,bisschop,raadsheerpaardpion

Anagrams

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French

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Frenchdame, fromLate Latindomna, shortened variant ofLatindomina.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dame f (pluraldames)

  1. lady
  2. (chess, card games)queen
  3. (in theplural)draughts(UK),checkers(US)

Usage notes

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Occasionally, in very formal or official registers,dame can be used as a title with a woman's name, for exampledame Jeanne Dupont. Normal usage would beMadame Jeanne Dupont.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Interjection

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dame

  1. (dated)why,indeed

See also

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Chess pieces in French ·pièces d’échecs(layout ·text)
♚♛♜♝♞♟
roidametourfoucavalierpion
Playing cards in French ·cartes àjouer(layout ·text)
asdeuxtroisquatrecinqsixsept
huitneufdixvaletdameroijoker

Further reading

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Italian

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Noun

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dame f

  1. plural ofdama

Anagrams

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Japanese

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Romanization

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dame

  1. Rōmaji transcription ofだめ
  2. Rōmaji transcription ofダメ

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Frenchdame, fromLatindomina.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdaːm(ə)/,/ˈdam(ə)/

Noun

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dame (pluraldames)

  1. lady(high-ranking or noble woman):
    1. abbess(governor of a nunnery)
    2. (rare) A femaleanchorite(with servants)
  2. Ahousewife(mistress of a family)
  3. Amother(of humans, animals, or plants)
  4. A term of address for a noble lady.
  5. A respectful term of address for any woman (sometimes sarcastic).
Related terms
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Descendants
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References

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Etymology 2

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Noun

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dame

  1. Alternative form ofdam(dam)

Etymology 3

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Noun

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dame

  1. Alternative form ofdamey

Etymology 4

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Noun

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dame

  1. (when preceding labials)Alternative form ofdan

Etymology 5

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Verb

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dame

  1. Alternative form ofdampnen

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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FromLatindomina, viaOld Frenchdame and lateOld Norsedamma.

Noun

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dame f orm (definite singulardamaordamen,indefinite pluraldamer,definite pluraldamene)

  1. alady,woman
  2. (romantic relationship) agirlfriend
  3. (card games) aqueen

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromLatindomina, viaOld Frenchdame and lateOld Norsedamma.

Noun

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dame f (definite singulardama,indefinite pluraldamer,definite pluraldamene)

  1. alady,woman
  2. (romantic relationship) agirlfriend
  3. (card games) aqueen

Derived terms

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References

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Old French

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Etymology

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FromLate Latindomna, shortened variant ofLatindomina.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dameoblique singularf (oblique pluraldames,nominative singulardame,nominative pluraldames)

  1. lady;woman

Usage notes

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  • Dame was the usual term referring to women of high social status, whilefame was used of such women chiefly in the sense of “wife”.

Descendants

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Romanian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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dame f

  1. inflection ofdamă:
    1. indefiniteplural
    2. indefinitegenitive/dativesingular

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdame/[ˈd̪a.me]
  • Rhymes:-ame
  • Syllabification:da‧me

Verb

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dame

  1. inflection ofdar:
    1. second-personsingularimperative combined withme
    2. second-personsingular voseoimperative combined withme
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