Once the silky gent who ran a barge called theKnuckle Sandwich tried to persuade Borglum's ma andda to sell him their little dwarfish boy for twelve gold coins.
Commonly used to represent the pronunciation of various second-language varieties of English where the first language of the speaker does not contain the phoneme /ð/ or babies that can't produce /ð/ yet.
In the US, especially common in representations of speakers fromChicago orNew York City andAfrican American Vernacular. Less commonly, represents a receding Midwestern accent influenced by early German and Scandinavian immigrants whose native languages lacked/ð/.
“da” inMartalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974),Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Of,-ful (used instead ofde with quantities, to emphasize the quantity rather than the thing quantified, or to indicate the unity of a shape and its material, a container and its contents, or a group and its members)[1][2]
glasoda vino ―a glassof wine, a glassful of wine
kilogramoda viando ―a kilogramof meat
grupoda homoj ―a groupof people
kvar metrojda ĉi tiu ŝtofo kostas naŭ frankojn
four metersof this cloth costs nine francs
Li ligis la tri florojn en bukedon, kaj prezentis al ŝi tiun bukedonda floroj
He tied the three flowers into a bouquet, and presented her with this bouquetof flowers
Damasko [...] estos amasoda ruinaĵoj
Damascus will be a massof ruins
tutoda kondiĉoj kaj cirkonstancoj, en kiuj iu troviĝas
allof the conditions and circumstances in which we find ourselves
Unlike most prepositions,da cannot occur after a verb. It necessarily links two nouns (or exceptionally an elliptical adverb and a noun, as insufiĉe da akvo below).
The articlela does not occur after the prepositionda, and this is often mistakenly understood to mean that the quantity introduced byda must be indefinite. However, there is no such restriction, any more than there is with possessive pronouns such asmia 'my', which also do not allow the article. Because of the unity of the two nouns linked byda, only the phrase can be modified by the article, so it must precede the first noun. See the fourth and fifth examples above.
Some Esperanto dictionaries substitute *listo de and *tuto de forlisto da andtuto da. This is an error, an influence of Western languages which do not have an equivalent toda.
Compare these:
listoda kandidatoj ―a listof candidates (list of names)
listoda kondiĉojde la kandidatoj ―a list of conditions from the candidates
skatoloda ĉokolado ―a boxof chocolates (a boxful of chocolate)
skatolode ĉokolado ―a chocolates box (the box itself, made for chocolates, but now perhaps used to store paper clips)
skatoloel ĉokolado ―a boxmade of chocolate
ho, se mia kapo havus sufiĉeda akvo kaj miaj okuloj estus fontoda larmoj! ―oh, if my head had enough water, and my eyes were a springof tears!
fonto de akvo ―a spring of water which indicates the kind of spring rather than the quantity of tears (an eyeful). Even dry eyes could be said to befonto de larmoj 'a source of tears';fonto da larmoj indicates that they are tear-filled eyes.
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar,Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
A grandedada lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos,[…]
The greatnessof the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us,[…]
The three forms were already sometimes intermingled in Old and Middle High German. The eventual loss of the distinction in modern German was reinforced by phonetic mergers in various dialects. Today, the senses of adverbs 1 and 3 are covered byda, while adverb 2 has been chiefly replaced withhin,dahin. The formdar- remains as a variant ofda- before vowels and in some compound verbs (likedarlegen,darbringen). Adverb 1 and 2 are cognate withDutchdaar,Low Germandar,dor,Englishthere,Swedishdär. Adverb 3 is cognate withDutchtoen.
1885, “Sprachproben: Der goldene Vogel”, in Volmari Porkka, editor,Ueber den Ingrischen Dialekt mit Berücksichtigung der übrigen finnisch-ingermanländischen Dialekte:
Mänida i heittiis makkaamaa, ja makkais taas hoomuksee nasse.
He wentand threw himself to sleep, too, and he slept up till the morning again.
(Note: The spelling has been normalised in accordance with the literary Ingrian language.)
Bill Palmer,The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95,Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017),A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[10], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page147
1874 [1437],Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące[11], volume XVI, page315:
Tunc skarbnik bibit dicens:Da zdrow data, et ipse vicarius respondit: Ero tuus thatha, quando cum matre tua dormiam et iacebo
[Tunc skarbnik bibit dicens:Da zdrow tata, et ipse vicarius respondit: Ero tuus thatha, quando cum matre tua dormiam et iacebo]
Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “da”, inJan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors,Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “da”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska-Różycka, Magdalena Klapper, Tomasz Kolowca, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Joanna Duska, Maria Bugajska, Jan German, Beata Hejmo, Iwona Nobis, Dariusz Piwowarczyk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, editors (2024), “da”, inBaza Leksykalna Średniowiecznej Polszczyzny [Lexical Base of Medieval Polish] (in Polish),Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Oskar Kolberg (1865), “da”, inLud. Jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni, muzyka i tańce. Serya II. Sandomierskie (in Polish), page261
Borrowed fromBulgarianда(da). First attested in the 1810’s in the poems ofIancu Văcărescu[1], having entered the language from the common speech ofMuntenia and spreading to other regions starting in the 1860’s. Before, Romanian usedecho answers or a variety of affirmative adverbs.[2]Da does not feature in Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian.
Another less likely (and controversial) theory argues that it perhaps derived originally from the Latinita, one of several ways to say "thus", "so" or "yes"; it further may have been influenced by theda, also meaning "yes", in the surrounding Slavic languages before reaching its present state (seeSprachbund).[3] See alsodacă, which according to this theory derives fromita quod. In some regions,ta is used repeatedly to indicate impatience with someone talking too much or aimlessly, although this is more likely onomatopoetic in origin.
As a conjunction with the sense of "if",da, just like synonymouskad, is only used insubjunctive mood, to express what one wishes were the case or hypothetical situations contrary to reality in general. For all other uses,ako is used instead.
Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008),Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[13], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008),Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[14], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Generally forms one speech unit with the preceding word. Accordingly it complies withvowel harmony; taking the formda after back vowelsa, ı, o, u, andde after front vowelse, i, ö, ü.
In writing it should not be joined to the preceding word. Such use is occasionally seen, but is considered incorrect by theTurkish Language Association. The disjoined spelling rules out confusion with the locative suffix-da.
When used after interrogative pronounsda can take on different meanings. Pronouns such askim(“who”),nima(“what”),qayer(“where”),necha(“how many, how much”) becomekimda(“to whom”),nimada(“with what, by using what”),qayerda(“from where”),nechada(“what time”).
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “da”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Zaghawa conjunctions come after all words they group. Thus,Adam and Eve is 'adoum ra hawa ra', not *adoum ra hawa, as the literal English translation would be.
^Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)[3], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University, page 323
↑2.02.12.2Zhang, Junru (张 均如); et al. (1999)壮语方言研究 [A Study of Zhuang Dialects] (in Chinese), Chengdu: Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House (四川民族出版社), page 640
^Ostapirat, Weera (2005) "Kra-dai and Austronesian: notes on phonological correspondences and vocabulary distribution" In Sagart, Laurent; et al. (eds.)The Peopling of East Asia, London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon, pages 111
^Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2009) The Phonology of Proto-Tai (Doctoral dissertation)[4], Department of Linguistics, Cornell University, page 336
↑6.06.16.2Zhang, Junru (张 均如); et al. (1999)壮语方言研究 [A Study of Zhuang Dialects] (in Chinese), Chengdu: Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House (四川民族出版社), page 655
^This form was reconstructed by Shorto, Harry L.; (ed.) Sidwell, Paul et al. (2006)A Mon–Khmer Comparative Dictionary. Canberra：Australian National University, Pacific Linguistics, page 85
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