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criminal

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishcryminal, borrowed fromAnglo-Normancriminal, fromLate Latincriminalis, fromLatincrimen(“crime”).

Pronunciation

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(UK, US, General Australian)IPA^(key): /ˈkɹɪm.ɪ.nəl/
- Audio(US): (file)
IPA^(key): /ˈkɹɪm.ə.nəl/

Adjective

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criminal (comparativemorecriminal,superlativemostcriminal)

Against thelaw;forbidden by law.
- 1711 March 30 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison;Richard Steeleet al.], “MONDAY, March 19, 1710–1711”, inThe Spectator, number16; republished inAlexander Chalmers, editor,The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.:D[aniel] Appleton & Company,1853,→OCLC:
  Foppish and fantastic ornaments are only indications of vice, notcriminal in themselves.
  The spelling has been modernized.
Guilty of breaking the law.
- a.1729,John Rogers,The Difficulties of Obtaining Salvation:
  The neglect of any of the relative duties renders uscriminal in the sight of God.
Of or relating tocrime orpenallaw.
His longcriminal record suggests that he is a dangerous man.
- 1827, Henry Hallam,The Constitutional History of England from the Accession ofHenry VII. to the Death ofGeorge II. […], volume(please specify |volume=I or II), London:John Murray, […],→OCLC:
  The officers and servants of the crown, violating the personal liberty, or other right of the subject[…] in some cases, were liable tocriminal process.
(figuratively)Abhorrent or veryundesirable.
Printing such asinine opinions iscriminal!
- 2020 May 6, Graeme Pickering, “Borders Railway: time for the next step”, inRail, page54:
  [...] I think it represents exceptional value for money and I think it would becriminal not to go ahead and build it."

with nouns

criminal law
criminal justice
criminal court
criminal procedure
criminal prosecution
criminal intent
criminal case
criminal act
criminal action
criminal behavior
criminal offenceliability
criminal investigation
criminal conduct
criminal defense
criminal trial
criminal history
criminal responsibility
criminal lawyer
criminal tribunal
criminal appeal
criminal process
criminal background
criminal mind
criminal conspiracy
criminal evidence
criminal gang
criminal organization
criminal underworld
criminal jurisprudence
criminal offender
criminal jury
criminal police
criminal past
criminal group
criminal punishment
criminal attorney
criminal violence
criminal report
criminal career
criminal psychology

Translations

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being against the law

Albanian:keqbërës (sq)
Belarusian:злачы́нны(zlačýnny),крыміна́льны(kryminálʹny)
Bengali:অপরাধমূলক (bn)(oporadhmulok)
Bulgarian:престъ́пен (bg)(prestǎ́pen),кримина́лен (bg)(kriminálen)
Catalan:criminal (ca)
Czech:zločinný,trestný (cs)
Dutch:misdadig (nl),crimineel (nl),onwettig (nl)
Finnish:rikollinen (fi),lainvastainen (fi),rangaistava
French:criminel (fr)
Galician:criminal (gl)
Georgian:დანაშაულებრივი(današaulebrivi)
German:kriminell (de)
Greek:εγκληματικός (el)(egklimatikós),ποινικός (el)(poinikós)
Ancient:ἀθέμιτος(athémitos)
Hungarian:bűnös (hu),törvénytelen (hu),törvénysértő (hu)
Indonesian:melanggar hukum
Italian:criminale (it) m or f
Japanese:犯罪的(はんざいてき, hanzai-teki)
Korean:범죄적(犯罪的)(beomjoejeok)
Latin:scelestus (la)
Macedonian:злосторнички(zlostornički),кримина́лен(kriminálen),престапен(prestapen)
Norman:crînminnel
Norwegian:
Bokmål:kriminell (no)
Nynorsk:kriminell
Persian:جزایی(jazâyi)
Polish:przestępczy (pl),kryminalny (pl)
Portuguese:criminoso (pt)
Romanian:infracțional (ro),criminal (ro)
Romansch:criminal
Russian:престу́пный (ru)(prestúpnyj),кримина́льный (ru)(kriminálʹnyj),уголо́вный (ru)(ugolóvnyj)
Sanskrit:अकृत्य (sa)(akṛtya)
Scots:creeminal
Scottish Gaelic:eucoireach
Swahili:mhalifu (sw)
Ukrainian:злочи́нний(zločýnnyj),криміна́льний(kryminálʹnyj)
Uzbek:harakat (uz)
Yiddish:קרימינעל(kriminel),פֿאַרברעכעריש(farbrekherish)

guilty of breaking the law

Catalan:criminal (ca)
Dutch:misdadig (nl),crimineel (nl)
Esperanto:krima
Finnish:rikollinen (fi)
French:criminel (fr)
German:kriminell (de)
Greek:εγκληματικός (el)(egklimatikós)
Hungarian:bűnös (hu)
Italian:criminale (it)
Korean:죄인 (罪人) (ko)(joein)
Latin:scelestus (la)
Macedonian:престапнички(prestapnički),злосторен(zlostoren)
Norman:crînminnel
Norwegian:
Bokmål:kriminell (no)
Nynorsk:kriminell
Persian:مجرم (fa)(mojrem),گناهکار (fa)(gonâhkâr)
Portuguese:culpado (pt)
Romansch:criminal
Scottish Gaelic:eucoireach
Swahili:mhalifu (sw)

of or relating to crime

Armenian:please add this translation if you can
Bengali:অপরাধমূলক (bn)(oporadhmulok)
Bulgarian:кримина́лен (bg)(kriminálen)
Catalan:criminal (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin:please add this translation if you can
Czech:zločinný m
Dutch:misdadig (nl),crimineel (nl)
Finnish:rikollinen (fi),rikosoikeudellinen (fi)
French:criminel (fr)
German:kriminell (de)
Greek:εγκληματικός (el)(egklimatikós)
Hebrew:פְּלִילִי (he) m(plilí)
Hindi:आपराधिक(āprādhik)
Hungarian:bűnügyi (hu),büntetőjogi (hu),bűnvádi (hu),büntető- (hu),kriminál-
Indonesian:kriminal (id)
Khmer:ខាងបទឧក្រិដ្ឋ(kʰaang bɑt okkrǝt)
Lao:please add this translation if you can
Macedonian:кримина́лен(kriminálen)
Norman:crînminnel
Norwegian:
Bokmål:kriminell (no)
Nynorsk:kriminell
Persian:کیفری (fa)(keyfari),جزایی(jazâyi)
Polish:kryminalny (pl)
Portuguese:criminal (pt)
Romansch:criminal
Russian:кримина́льный (ru)(kriminálʹnyj),уголо́вный (ru)(ugolóvnyj)
Scottish Gaelic:eucoireach
Swahili:mhalifu (sw)
Thai:อาชญากร (th)(àat-yaa-gɔɔn),
Turkish:kriminel (tr)
Urdu:فوجداری(faujdārī),مجرمانہ(mujrimāna)
Uzbek:harakat (uz),jinoyat (uz)
Vietnamese:tội phạm (vi),hình sự (vi)
Volapük:krimik,midunik (vo)
Welsh:troseddol (cy)

abhorrent or very undesirable

Dutch:misdadig (nl),crimineel (nl)
Finnish:rikollinen (fi)(often withsuorastaan)
Greek:εγκληματικός (el)(egklimatikós)
Hungarian:megengedhetetlen (hu),kriminális (hu),rettenetes (hu),szörnyű (hu),hajmeresztő (hu)
Indonesian:bajingan (id)
Swahili:mhalifu (sw)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Indonesian:^{(pleaseverify)}kriminal (id),^{(pleaseverify)}jahat (id)
Interlingua:^{(pleaseverify)}criminal
Italian:^{(pleaseverify)}criminale (it),^{(pleaseverify)}delittuoso
Romanian:^{(pleaseverify)}criminal (ro)
Spanish:^{(pleaseverify)}criminal (es)

Noun

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criminal (pluralcriminals)

A person who is guilty of acrime, notably breaking the law.
Synonyms:lawbreaker,offender,perpetrator
- 1963,Margery Allingham, chapter 3, inThe China Governess: A Mystery, London:Chatto & Windus,→OCLC:
  ‘[…] There's every Staffordshire crime-piece ever made in this cabinet, and that's unique. The Van Hoyer Museum in New York hasn't that very rare second version of Maria Marten's Red Barn over there, nor the little Frederick George Manning—he was thecriminal Dickens saw hanged on the roof of the gaol in Horsemonger Lane, by the way—’

Synonyms

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See alsoThesaurus:criminal

Hypernyms

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person

Derived terms

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Compound words and expressions

Translations

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person guilty of a crime, breaking the law

Afrikaans:kriminele
Albanian:kriminel (sq) m,kriminele (sq) f
Arabic:مُجْرِم (ar) m(mujrim),مُجْرِمَة f(mujrima)
Armenian:հանցագործ (hy)(hancʻagorc)
Assamese:অপৰাধী(opradhi)
Azerbaijani:cinayətkar (az)
Bashkir:енәйәтсе(yenəyətse)
Basque:gaizkile
Belarusian:злачы́нец m(zlačýnjec),злачы́нка f(zlačýnka)
Bengali:অপরাধী (bn)(opradhi)
Bulgarian:престъ́пник (bg) m(prestǎ́pnik),престъ́пница f(prestǎ́pnica),престъ́пничка f(prestǎ́pnička)
Burmese:ရာဇဝတ်ကောင် (my)(raja.watkaung),တရားခံ (my)(ta.ra:hkam)
Catalan:criminal (ca) m or f
Chinese:
Cantonese:罪犯(zeoi⁶ faan^6-2),犯人(faan⁶ jan⁴)
Mandarin:罪犯 (zh)(zuìfàn),犯人 (zh)(fànrén),犯罪分子(fànzuì fènzǐ)(especially one in custody)
Czech:zločinec (cs) m,zločinka f
Danish:kriminel (da) c,forbryder (da) c
Dutch:misdadiger (nl) m,crimineel (nl) m,delinquent (nl) m
Esperanto:krimulo
Estonian:kurjategija,roimar
Finnish:rikollinen (fi),lainsuojaton (fi),kriminaali (fi)
French:criminel (fr) m,criminelle (fr) f
Georgian:დამნაშავე(damnašave)
German:Krimineller (de) m,Kriminelle (de) f,Verbrecher (de) m,Verbrecherin (de) f,Übeltäter (de) m,Übeltäterin (de) f,Missetäter (de) m,Missetäterin (de) f
Gothic:𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰 m(waidēdja)
Greek:εγκληματίας (el) m or f(egklimatías)
Gujarati:ગુનેગાર(gunegār)
Hebrew:עֲבַרְיָן (he) m('avaryán)
Hindi:अपराधी (hi) m(aprādhī),दोषी (hi) m(doṣī),मुजरिम (hi) m(mujrim)
Hungarian:bűnöző (hu),bűnelkövető (hu)
Icelandic:glæpamaður (is) m
Indonesian:kriminal (id),penjahat (id),bajingan (id)(pejorative)
Interlingua:criminal
Irish:coirpeach m
Italian:criminale (it) m or f
Japanese:犯罪者 (ja)(はんざいしゃ, hanzaisha),犯人 (ja)(はんにん, hannin)
Kazakh:қылмыскер(qylmysker)
Khmer:ឧក្រិដ្ឋជន(ʼokkrətthaʼcŭən)
Korean:범죄자(犯罪者) (ko)(beomjoeja),범인(犯人) (ko)(beomin)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish:tawanbar (ku),tawankar (ku),gunehkar (ku)
Kyrgyz:кылмышкер (ky)(kılmışker)
Lao:ຜູ້ຮ້າຽ(phū hāi),ຄົນຮ້າຽ(khon hāi)
Latin:scelestus (la) m,scelus (la) m
Latvian:noziedznieks m,noziedzniece f
Lithuanian:nusikaltėlis m,nusikaltėlė f
Macedonian:злосторник m(zlostornik),злосторница f(zlostornica),престапник m(prestapnik),престапничка f(prestapnička),кримина́лец m(kriminálec),кримина́лка f(kriminálka)
Marathi:गुन्हेगार m(gunhegār)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic:гэмт хэрэгтэн(gemt xeregten),хэрэгтэн (mn)(xeregten),гэмт (mn)(gemt),гэмтэн (mn)(gemten)
Norwegian:
Bokmål:kriminell (no),forbryter (no) m
Nynorsk:forbrytar m
Old English:wearg
Pannonian Rusyn:злодїєц m(zlodjijec),криминалєц m(kriminaljec)
Pashto:جنايتکار (ps) m(jenāyatkār),مجرم m(mojrem)
Persian:
Iranian Persian:بِزِهْکار(bezehkâr),جِنایَتْکار(jenâyatkâr),مُجْرِم(mojrem),گُناهْکار(gonâhkâr)
Plautdietsch:Vebräakja m
Polish:kryminalista (pl) m,kryminalistka (pl) f,przestępca (pl) m,przestępczyni (pl) f,zbrodniarz (pl) m,zbrodniarka f
Portuguese:criminoso (pt) m,criminosa (pt) f
Romanian:infractor (ro) m,infractoare (ro) f
Russian:престу́пник (ru) m(prestúpnik),престу́пница (ru) f(prestúpnica),правонаруши́тель (ru) m(pravonarušítelʹ),правонаруши́тельница (ru) f(pravonarušítelʹnica)
Scottish Gaelic:eucoireach m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic:зло̀чинац m,зло̀чӣнка m,кримина́лац m,кримѝна̄лка f
Roman:zlòčinac (sh) m,zlòčīnka (sh) f,kriminálac (sh) m,krimìnālka (sh) f
Slovak:zločinec m,zločinka f,kriminálnik m,kriminálnička f
Slovene:kriminálec m,kriminalka f,zločinec (sl) m,zločinka f
Sorbian:
Upper Sorbian:złóstnik m,złóstnica f
Spanish:criminal (es)
Swahili:mhalifu (sw) class1/2
Swedish:brottsling (sv) c,förbrytare (sv) c
Tajik:ҷинояткор(jinoyatkor),гунаҳкор(gunahkor),муҷрим(mujrim)
Tatar:җинаятьче (tt)(cinayat’çe)
Thai:ผู้ร้าย(pûu-ráai),คนร้าย(kon-ráai)
Turkish:suçlu (tr),kriminel (tr)
Turkmen:jenaýatkär (tk),jenaýatcy,jenaýatly (tk)
Ukrainian:злочи́нець m(zločýnecʹ),злочи́нниця f(zločýnnycja)
Urdu:مُجرِم m(mujrim),گُناہ گار m(gunāh gār),پاپی m(pāpī),اَپْرادِھی (ur) m(aprādhī)
Uyghur:جىنايەتچى(jinayetchi)
Uzbek:jinoyatchi (uz)
Vietnamese:tội phạm (vi) (罪犯)
Volapük:(♂♀)kriman,(♂)hikriman,(♀)jikriman,(♂♀)midunan (vo),(♂)himidunan,(♀)jimidunan
Welsh:troseddwr (cy) m,troseddwyr (cy) m pl
Yiddish:פֿאַרברעכער m(farbrekher)

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatincriminālis.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia)[kɾi.miˈnal]

Adjective

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criminal m or f (masculine and feminine pluralcriminals)

criminal(against the law)
criminal(guilty of breaking the law)
criminal(of or relating to crime)

Derived terms

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Noun

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criminal m or f by sense (pluralcriminals)

criminal(a person who is guilty of a crime)

Related terms

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crim

Galician

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /kɾimiˈnal/[kɾi.mĩˈnɑɫ]
Rhymes:-al

Adjective

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criminal m or f (pluralcriminais)

criminal(that constitutes a crime)
Synonym:criminoso
criminal(relating or pertaining to crimes)
Synonym:criminoso
(colloquial) that can be verybad in itsclass or that can beharmful

Noun

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criminal m or f by sense (pluralcriminais)

criminal(a person who has committed a crime)
Synonym:asasino

Occitan

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Alternative forms

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criminau(Gascony, Provençal)

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!

Adjective

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criminal m (feminine singularcriminala,masculine pluralcriminals,feminine pluralcriminalas)(Languedoc)

criminal

Old French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLate Latin or Juridical Latincriminālis, fromLatincrīmen.

Adjective

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criminal m (oblique and nominative feminine singularcriminale)

criminal;illegal; against the law

Declension

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	Case	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	subject	criminals orcriminaus	criminale	criminal
singular	oblique	criminal	criminale		criminale	criminal
plural	subject	criminal	criminales		criminal
plural	oblique	criminals orcriminaus	criminales		criminales	criminal

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLate Latin or Juridical Latincriminālis(“criminal”), fromLatincrīmen(“verdict; crime”).

Pronunciation

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(Brazil)IPA^(key): /kɾi.miˈnaw/[kɾi.miˈnaʊ̯]

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /kɾi.miˈnal/[kɾi.miˈnaɫ]

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /kɾi.miˈnal/[kɾi.miˈnaɫ]
- (Southern Portugal)IPA^(key): /kɾi.miˈna.li/

Rhymes:(Portugal)-al,(Brazil)-aw
Hyphenation:cri‧mi‧nal

Adjective

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criminal m or f (pluralcriminais,notcomparable)

(law)criminal(of or relating to crime or penal law)
Antecedentecriminal.
Criminal record.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchcriminel,Late Latincriminalis, fromLatincrimen.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [kri.miˈnal]

Noun

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criminal m (pluralcriminali,feminine equivalentcriminală)

Declension

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Declension ofcriminal
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	criminal	criminalul	criminali	criminalii
genitive-dative	criminal	criminalului	criminali	criminalilor
vocative	criminalule		criminalilor

Adjective

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criminal m or n (feminine singularcriminală,masculine pluralcriminali,feminine and neuter pluralcriminale)

Declension

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Declension ofcriminal
		masculine	feminine	masculine	neuter
		singular		plural
nominative- accusative	indefinite	criminal	criminală	criminali	criminale
nominative- accusative	definite	criminalul	criminala	criminalii	criminalele
genitive- dative	indefinite	criminal	criminale	criminali	criminale
genitive- dative	definite	criminalului	criminalei	criminalilor	criminalelor