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cough

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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WOTD – 5 April 2024

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishcoughen,coghen(“to cough; to vomit”) [and other forms], fromOld English*cohhian (compareOld Englishcohhetan(“to bluster; to riot; to cough (?)”)), fromProto-West Germanic*kuh-(“to cough”), ultimately ofonomatopoeic origin.[1]

Cognates

Verb

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cough (third-person singular simple presentcoughs,present participlecoughing,simple past and past participlecoughed)

  1. (transitive, medicine)
    2. Sometimes followed byup: toforce (something) out of thelungs orthroat bypushingair from the lungs through theglottis (causing ashort,explosivesound), and out through themouth.
      Sometimes shecoughed up blood.
    3. Tocause (oneself or something) to be in acertaincondition in themannerdescribed insense 1.1.
      He almostcoughed himself into a fit.
    4. Toexpress (words, etc.) in the manner described insense 1.1.
    5. (figurative)
      1. Tosurrender (information); toconfess.
      2. (originally US, slang)Chiefly followed byup: togive up orhand over (something); especially, topay up (money).
  2. (intransitive)
    2. To push air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound) and out through the mouth, usually toexpel somethingblocking orirritating theairway.
      I breathed in a lungful of smoke by mistake, and started tocough.
      • 1577,Martial, “Epigrammes out of Martial.[To Parthenope.]”, in Timothe Kendall, transl.,Flowers of Epigrammes […],[Manchester]: […] [Charles Simms] for the Spenser Society, published1874,→OCLC,pages56–57:
        Yet notwithſtandyng all this geare, / thoucougheſt ſtill, perdy / Ye are a craftie knaue, youcough / to fare deliciouſly.
      • c.1603–1604 (date written),William Shakespeare,The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] O[kes] forThomas Walkley, […], published1622,→OCLC,[Act IV, scene ii],page70:
        Leave procreants alone, and ſhut the dore, /Coffe, or cry hem, if any body come,[…]
      • 1828 May 15, [Walter Scott], chapter X, inChronicles of the Canongate. Second Series. […] (The Fair Maid of Perth), volume III, Edinburgh: […] [Ballantyne and Co.] forCadell and Co.; London:Simpkin and Marshall,→OCLC,page259:
        "Did your lordship's servant see Simon Glover and his daughter?" said Henry, struggling for breath, andcoughing, to conceal from the Provost the excess of his agitation.
      • 1835 January 23 (date written), Frederic James Post, “A Discourse Touching Rides and Riding”, inExtracts from the Diary and Other Manuscripts of the Late Frederic James Post, of Islington. […], London: […] [James Moyes] for private circulation, published1838,→OCLC,pages331–332:
        But often, when thy face [i.e., that of a horse] is turnedfrom the stable, thou hast an unaccountable desire to place it in the position occupied by thy tail: thou stoppest,coughest, shyest, and erst, with swift detorsion, turnest round, then, with sidelong glance of my magic caduceus, ominously wagging between the horizon and thy ample sides, I incite thee on, but rarely does thy pace more than trot,from home.
      • [[1840], A[ngelo] Renzi, “Verbi. Verbes. Verbs.”, inLe polyglotte improvisé, ou l’art d’écrire les langues sans les appendre. […] [The Improvised Polyglot, or The Art of Writing Languages without Learning Them. […]], Paris: Chez l‘auteur, […]; Chez Baudry, […], et Chez les Principaux Libraries,→OCLC,page498:
        Tossivi / Tu tossais / Thoucoughedst]
      • 1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Trevelyan Discourses on Life”, inHe Knew He Was Right, volume II, London: Strahan and Company, […],→OCLC,page336:
        After this he fell a-coughing violently, and Stanbury thought it better to leave him.
      • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXXI, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC,page246:
        "But it is unfortunate—you find me at the moment—" and he stopped short andcoughed.
      • 1960,P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XI, inJeeves in the Offing, London:Herbert Jenkins,→OCLC:
        I drew a deep breath, and a moment later wished I hadn't, because I drew it while drinking the remains of my gin and tonic. “Does Kipper know of this?“ I said, when I had finishedcoughing.
    3. Tomake anoise like acough.
      The enginecoughed and sputtered.
    4. (originally US, slang) To surrender information; to confess, tospill the beans.
Conjugation
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Conjugation ofcough
infinitive(to)cough
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularcoughcoughed
2nd-personsingularcough,coughest†coughed,coughedst†
3rd-personsingularcoughs,cougheth†coughed
pluralcough
subjunctivecoughcoughed
imperativecough—
participlescoughingcoughed
Derived terms
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Translations
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to force (something) out of the lungs or throat by pushing air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound), and out through the mouth
to cause (oneself or something) to be in a certain condition in the manner specified in sense 1.1
to express (words, etc.) in the manner specified in sense 1.1
(transitive) to surrender (information); (intransitive) to surrender information—seeconfess
to give up or hand over (something)—seegive up,‎hand over
to pay up (money)—seepay up
to push air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound) and out through the mouth
to make a noise like a cough

Etymology 2

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Thenoun is derived fromMiddle Englishcough(“a cough; illness causing coughing”) [and other forms],[2] fromcoughen(verb): seeetymology 1.[3]

Theinterjection is probably derived from the noun.

Noun

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cough (pluralcoughs)

Example
Audio:(file)

A series of three coughs(nounsense 1).
  2. Asudden, ofteninvoluntaryexpulsion ofair from thelungs through theglottis (causing ashort,explosivesound), and out through themouth.
    Behind me, I heard a distinct, drycough.
  3. About ofrepeatedcoughing(verbsense 2.1); also, amedicalcondition that causes one to cough.
    (medical condition):Synonym:tussis
    Sorry, I can’t come to work today—I’ve got a nastycough.
  4. (figurative) Anoise orsound like a cough(sense 1).
Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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sudden, often involuntary expulsion of air from the lungs through the glottis, and out through the mouth
bout of repeated coughing; medical condition that causes one to cough
noise or sound like a cough
  • Finnish:yskä (fi)
  • Macedonian:please add this translation if you can
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Interjection

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cough

  1. Used torepresent thesound of a cough(noun sense 1), especially whenfocusingattention on afollowingutterance, often anattribution ofblame or aeuphemism:ahem.
    He was—cough—indisposed.
Translations
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used to represent the sound of a cough
  • Finnish:köh (fi)
  • Macedonian:please add this translation if you can
  • Swedish:host (sv)

References

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  1. ^“cough,v.1”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠, Oxford:Oxford University Press,July 2023;“cough,v.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  2. ^“cough,n.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  3. ^Compare“cough,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠, Oxford:Oxford University Press,July 2023;“cough,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Fromcoughen.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kɔu̯x/,/kɔx/,/kɔu̯/

Noun

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cough (uncountable)

  1. coughing

Descendants

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References

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