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compound

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology 1

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Possibly fromMalaykampong,kampung(group of buildings, village), viaDutch orPortuguese,[1] altered under the influence of Etymology 2.Doublet ofkampung.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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compound (pluralcompounds)

  1. An enclosure within which workers, prisoners, or soldiers areconfined.
    Synonyms:gaol,jail,pen,pound,prison;see alsoThesaurus:prison
  2. An enclosure for secure storage.
    • 2020 December 2, “Network News: News in brief: More cycle spaces”, inRail, page27:
      A total of 75 cycle spaces are being installed at three Greater Anglia stations - [...]. And a securecompound for bicycles is being built at Cambridge North.
  3. A group of buildingssituated close together, e.g. for a school or block of offices.
    • 2008,BioWare,Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts,→ISBN,→OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-1:
      Shepard: What kind of proof do you have that the major is dangerous?
      Transmission: Three days ago, we sent two Alliance representatives to meet with him at hiscompound. They have disappeared. We believe Kyle and his followers killed them.
      Transmission: Thatcompound is a cult, Shepard. They call him 'Father Kyle' now. He's set himself up as some kind of religious leader.
    • 2019 March 7, Yuda Masayuki, “Thai court: pro-Thaksin party must disband for nominating princess”, inNikkei Asian Review[1], Nikkei Inc, retrieved7 March 2019:
      Some 20 supporters managed to get inside the courtcompounds. About half an hour after the verdict was delivered, they gathered near the Constitutional Court entrance and shouted: "On March 24, use your pen to oust the dictator."
  4. (by extension, Philippines) A compound of buildings where members of the same extended family live together.
Translations
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enclosure within which workers, prisoners, or soldiers are confined
group of buildings for the same purpose

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishcompounen, fromMiddle Frenchcomponre,compondre(to put together), fromLatincomponō, fromLatincom-(together) +ponō(to put).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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compound (notcomparable)

  1. Composed of elements; not simple.
    Synonym:composite
    Antonym:simple
    acompound word
    • 1725, Isaac Watts,Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, [], 2nd edition, London: [] John Clark and Richard Hett, [], Emanuel Matthews, [], and Richard Ford, [], published1726,→OCLC:
      Compound substances are made up of two or more simple substances.
  2. (mathematics) Dealing with numbers of variousdenominations of quantity, or with processes more complex than the simple process.
    compound addition
    compound proportion
  3. (music) Anoctave higher than originally (i.e. a compound major second is equivalent to a major ninth).
Derived terms
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Translations
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composed of elements

Noun

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Examples (linguistics)

compound (pluralcompounds)

  1. Anything made by combining several things.
    Synonyms:amalgam,blend,combination,composite,mix,mixture
  2. (chemistry) Asubstance formed by chemical bonding of two or moreelements in definite proportions by weight.
    Coordinate terms:substance,element,mixture,composite
  3. (chemistry, dated) Asubstance made from any combination of ingredients.
    • 1961,Harry E. Wedeck,Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page228:
      Acompound of spurge, cardamom, cinnamon of Mecca, pellitory, ginger, nettle seed is an Arab specific for sexual weakness.
  4. (law) A legal procedure whereby a criminal or delinquent avoids prosecution in a court in exchange for his payment to the authorities of a financial penalty or fine.
    Hyponyms:closed compound,open compound
  5. (linguistics) Alexeme that consists of more than onestem.
    Synonym:compound word
    • 2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Position vectors, homologous chromosomes and gamma rays: Promoting disciplinary literacy through Secondary Phrase Lists”, inEnglish for Specific Purposes,→DOI, page 8:
      Compositionally there is no great distinction betweencell wall andcell surface, both are relatively transparentcompounds, but both parts of the cell are of high significance in Biology due to their central role in cell functioning.
  6. (linguistics) Alexeme that consists of more than onestem or anaffix, e.g. "bookshop", "high school" or "non-standard".
    • 1989, OED2:
      In the majority of the compounds ofnon- the hyphen is usually retained; but it is commonly omitted in the case of a few, such asnonconformist,nonentity,nonsense, in which the etymology has been to some extent lost sight of.
  7. (rail transport) Acompound locomotive, asteam locomotive with bothhigh-pressure andlow-pressurecylinders.
    • 1961 March, ""Balmore"", “Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, inTrains Illustrated, page148:
      From a dead stand, with regulator full open and the lever at about 50 per cent we got up to about 60 m.p.h. by the top of the bank. The bigcompound was making plenty of noise - but what musical and wonderful noise!
  8. Ellipsis ofcompound exercise.
Derived terms
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Translations
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anything made by combining several things
chemistry: substance made by chemical combination of elements
linguistics: word formed by combining other wordsseecompound word

Verb

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compound (third-person singular simple presentcompounds,present participlecompounding,simple past and past participlecompounded)

  1. (transitive) To form (a resulting mixture) by combining different elements, ingredients, or parts; tomingle with something else.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:mix
    tocompound a medicine
  2. (transitive, law) Tosettle by agreeing on less than the claim, or on different terms than those stipulated.
    Synonym:settle
    tocompound a debt
  3. (transitive) Tosettle amicably; to adjust by agreement.
    Synonym:compromise
  4. (intransitive) To come to terms of agreement; to settle by a compromise.
    Synonyms:agree;see alsoThesaurus:agree
    tocompound with someone / for something
  5. (transitive, obsolete) Tocompose; toconstitute.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:compose
  6. (intransitive, finance) To increase in value withinterest, where the interest is earned on both theprincipal sum and prior earned interest.
  7. (transitive, see usage notes) Toworsen a situation.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:make matters worse
    • 2020 April 12,Simon Tisdall, “US's global reputation hits rock-bottom over Trump's coronavirus response”, inThe Guardian[2]:
      [] This latest example of nationalistic self-interestcompounded anger across the EU over Trump’s travel ban, imposed last month without consultation or scientific justification.
  8. (horse racing, intransitive) Of a horse: to fail to maintain speed.
    • 1855,The Sporting Review, volume34, page240:
      At the hill, the Warrior must have been at least ten lengths in front of Wild Dayrell; but hecompounded about 200 yards on the T. Y. C. side of the Red House.
Usage notes
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The usage in sense 7 above, “to worsen a situation” is widespread but not wholly accepted. The original meaning of the word (see senses 2–4) implies resolution of a problem, not worsening. It has been suggested (Fraser 1973) that the reverse usage arose by confusion with phrases such ascompound interest.

Derived terms
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Translations
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to put together
law: to settle by agreeing less than the claim
to come to terms of agreement
finance: to increase in value with interest
to worsen a situation

See also

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References

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  1. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “compound”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.

Further reading

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