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color

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:colôr

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishcolour,color, borrowed fromAnglo-Normancolur, fromOld Frenchcolour,color, fromLatincolor.Doublet ofcouleur.

DisplacedEnglishblee,Middle Englishblee(“color”), fromOld Englishblēo. Also partially replacedOld Englishhīew(“color”) and its descendants (Englishhue), which is less often used in this sense.

The spellingcolor was popularized in modern American English byNoah Webster, to match the spelling of the word's Latin etymon, and make all American spellings of the derivatives consistent (colorimeter,coloration,colorize,colorless, etc).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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color (countable anduncountable,pluralcolors)(American spelling, Philippines)(Canadian spelling, rare)

  1. (uncountable) The spectral composition of visible light.
    Synonym:(archaic)blee
    Humans and birds can perceivecolor.
  2. A subset thereof:
    1. (countable) A particular set of visible spectral compositions, perceived or named as a class.
      Synonyms:hue,(archaic)blee
      Most languages have names for thecolors black, white, red, and green.
      • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
        Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness;colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.
    2. (uncountable)Hue as opposed toachromatic colors (black, white and grays).
      Synonyms:hue,shade,(archaic)blee
      The accident victim's face was white, drained of allcolor.
    3. These hues as used incolor television or films, color photographs, etc (as opposed to the shades of grey used in black-and-white television).
      Synonym:color television
      This film is broadcast incolor.  Most people dream incolor, but some dream in black and white.
    4. (heraldry) Any of the standard darktinctures used in acoat of arms, includingazure,gules,sable, andvert.
      Coordinate terms:metal,stain
  3. Apaint.
    The artist took out hercolors and began work on a landscape.
  4. (uncountable) Human skin tone, especially as an indicator ofrace orethnicity.
    Synonyms:complexion,ethnicity,race
    Color has been a sensitive issue in many societies.
  5. (medicine) Skin color, noted as normal,jaundiced,cyanotic,flush,mottled,pale, orashen as part of theskin signs assessment.
  6. Aflushed appearance of blood in the face; redness of complexion.
    • 1864, Sir Henry Stewart Cunningham,Late Laurels, volumes1-2, page117:
      […] her very embarrassment wore a graceful air; her highcolour had softened down to a warm, delicate tint; and her dress, which looked beautifully new and fresh, was in good taste, and showed her off to advantage.
  8. (figuratively) Richness of expression; detail or flavour that is likely to generate interest or enjoyment.
    color commentator,color commentary
    There is a great deal ofcolour in his writing.
    a bit of localcolor
    • 1914 November,Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, inMunsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.:The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published1915,→OCLC, chapter I (Anarchy),page377, column 2:
      Three chairs of the steamer type, all maimed, comprised the furniture of this roof-garden, with (by way of localcolor) on one of the copings a row of four red clay flower-pots filled with sun-baked dust[…]
    Could you give me somecolor with regards to which products made up the mix of revenue for this quarter?
  9. Astandard,flag, orinsignia:
    1. (in theplural) Astandard orbanner.
      Synonyms:banner,standard
      The loss of theircolors destroyed the regiment's morale.
    2. (in theplural) The flag of a nation or team.
      Thecolors were raised over the new territory.
      • 1856, “Treaty signed April 18, 1855; ratified April 5, 1856”, inTreaty of friendship and commerce between Great Britain and Siam, Bangkok: J. H. Chandler, page 7:
        The arrival of the British Consul at Bangkok shall not take place before the ratification of this Treaty, nor until ten vessels owned by British subjects, sailing under Britishcolours and with British papers, shall have entered the port of Bangkok for purposes of trade, subsequent to the signing of this Treaty.
    3. (in theplural) Gang insignia.
      Both of the perpetrators were wearingcolors.
  10. (in theplural) An award for sporting achievement, particularly within a school or university.
    He was awardedcolors for his football.
  11. (military, in theplural) The morning ceremony of raising the flag.
  12. (physics) A property ofquarks, with three values called red, green, and blue, which they canexchange by passinggluons;color charge.
  13. (finance, uncountable) Athird-order measure ofderivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change ofgamma with respect to time, or equivalently the rate of change ofcharm with respect to changes in theunderlyingassetprice.
  14. (typography) The relativelightness ordarkness of a mass of written or printedtext on a page. (Seetype color on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)
  15. (snooker) Any of the colored balls excluding thereds.
  16. Afront orfacade; anostensible truth actually false;pretext.
    • 2011, David Baldacci,The Collectors:
      At the far end of the continuum, Roger Seagraves collected personal items from people he'd murdered, or assassinated rather, since he'd done it under thecolor of serving his country.
  17. An appearance of right or authority;color of law.
    Undercolor of law, he managed to bilk taxpayers of millions of dollars.
    • 1882,The Ohio Law Journal, volume 2, page396:
      The only thing which this defendant is accused of doing is that he excluded this boy from the school, and he did it under thecolor of the statute relating to the subject, and did it because he was a colored boy.
    • 1770, “Parliamentary Privilege Act 1770”, inlegislation.gov.uk‎[1]:
      no such action, suit, or any other process or proceeding thereupon shall at any time be impeached, stayed, or delayed by or undercolour or pretence of any privilege of Parliament.
  18. (mining) Gold, particles of gold found whenprospecting.
    • 2013,Eleanor Catton,The Luminaries, London: Granta, published2014,→ISBN, page184:
      He smelted Wells’scolour before it was valued, and by the time anybody saw it, it had been poured into bars and stamped with the Reserve seal.

Usage notes

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  • In Canada,colour is preferred, butcolor is not unknown; in Australia,-our endings are the standard, although-or endings had some currency in the past and are still sporadically found in some regions. In New Zealand and South Africa,-our endings are the standard.

Synonyms

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Hypernyms

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  • (measure of derivative price sensitivity):Greeks(includes list of coordinate terms)

Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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The majority of these terms are either considered alternative forms of, or have alternative forms corresponding to,colour (the Commonwealth and Irish spelling).

Translations

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spectral composition of visible light
particular set of the visible spectrum
hue as opposed to achromatic colors
human skin tone, especially as an indicator of race or ethnicity
interest, especially in a selective area
any of the standard dark tinctures used in a coat of arms
standard or banner (colors)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adjective

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color (notcomparable)(American spelling)

  1. Conveying color, as opposed to shades of gray.
    Color television and movies were considered a great improvement over black and white.
    • 1977,John Cheever,Falconer (A Borzoi Book), New York, N.Y.:Alfred A[braham] Knopf,→ISBN,page209:
      I took my TV over on the first trip. I got a beauty. It's four years old,color, but when I had a little snow and asked the repairman to come in, he told me never, never turn this set in for a new one.

Translations

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conveying color

Verb

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color (third-person singular simple presentcolors,present participlecoloring,simple past and past participlecolored)(American spelling)

  1. (transitive) To give something color.
    Synonyms:dye,paint,stain,shade,tinge,tint
    We couldcolor the walls red.
    1. (transitive) To cause (a pipe, especially ameerschaum) to take on a brown or black color, by smoking.
  2. (intransitive) To apply colors to the areas within the boundaries of a line drawing using colored markers or crayons.
    Synonym:color in
    My kindergartener loves tocolor.
  3. (of a person or their face) To become red through increased blood flow.
    Synonym:blush
    Her facecolored as she realized her mistake.
  4. To affect without completely changing.
    Synonyms:affect,influence
    That interpretation certainlycolors my perception of the book.
  6. (informal) To attribute a quality to; to portray (as).
    Synonym:call
    Color me confused.
    They tried tocolour the industrial unrest as a merely local matter.
  7. (mathematics, graph theory) Toassign colors to thevertices of agraph (or theregions of amap) so that no two vertices connected by anedge (regions sharing a border) have thesame color.
    Can this graph be 2-colored?
    You cancolor any map with four colors.

Antonyms

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Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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give something color
draw using crayons
become red through increased blood flow
affect without completely changing
mathematics: assign distinct colors to the vertices or regions of
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Colors/Colours in English(layout ·text)
            red        orange            yellow            green            blue (incl.    indigo;
            cyan,teal,turquoise)		            purple /violet
        pink (including
        magenta)		        brown    white            gray/grey    black

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Aragonese

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatincolōrem.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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color f

  1. color /colour

References

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  • Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “color”, inDizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza,→ISBN
  • “color”, inAragonario, diccionario aragonés–castellano (in Spanish)

Asturian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatincolor, colōrem.

Noun

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color m (pluralcolores)

  1. color,colour

Related terms

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatincolōrem. CompareOccitancolor,Frenchcouleur.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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color m or(archaic, regional or poetic)f (pluralcolors)

  1. color,colour
  2. (poker)flush

Derived terms

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See also

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Colors in Catalan ·colors(layout ·text)
    blanc    gris    negre
            roig,vermell;carmesí            taronja;marró            groc;crema
            verd llima            verd            
            cian;xarxet            atzur            blau
            violat;indi            magenta;lila,porpra            rosa

Further reading

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Galician

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Galician-Portuguesecolor, alternative form ofcoor, perhaps from an older formscollor (compareAsturiancollor andcolor), fromLatincolor, colōrem.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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color f (pluralcolores)

  1. color /colour,hue
    • 1295, R. Lorenzo,La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., page745:
      diz que apareçeu ẽno çeo hũa cruz, que era de muytascolores et muy fremosa; et teuerõna os cristãos por muy boo sinal
      he says that a cross appeared in the sky, which was of manycolors and very beauty; and the Christians considered it a very good sign
  2. flush(suffusion of the face with blood)

Derived terms

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References

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Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /koˈlor/
  • Rhymes:-or
  • Hyphenation:co‧lór

Noun

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color m (apocopated)

  1. Apocopic form ofcolore

Anagrams

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From earliercolōs (genitivecolōris), fromProto-Italic*kelōs, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to hide, conceal”).[1] The nominative singular changed tocolor in Classical times by analogy with the oblique forms, where /r/ had regularly developed from an original intervocalic /s/.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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color m (genitivecolōris);third declension

  1. color(US),colour(UK);shade,hue,tint
    • 8CE,Ovid,Fasti4.429–430:
      tot fuerant illīc, quot habet nātūra,colōrēs,
      pictaque dissimilī flōre nitēbat humus.
      In that place there had been so manycolors – as many as nature possesses –
      and the ground was radiant, having been decorated with every different flower.
      (Ovid describes the field wherePersephone and her attendants picked flowers.)
  2. pigment
  3. complexion
  4. outwardappearance

Declension

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Third-declension noun.

singularplural
nominativecolorcolōrēs
genitivecolōriscolōrum
dativecolōrīcolōribus
accusativecolōremcolōrēs
ablativecolōrecolōribus
vocativecolorcolōrēs

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Descendants

References

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  • "color", inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • "color", inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "color", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • color inGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  1. ^De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “color”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page126

Occitan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Occitancolor, fromLatincolor, colōrem.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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color f (pluralcolors)

  1. color /colour

Old French

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatincolor, colōrem(“color or colour”).

Noun

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coloroblique singular, f (oblique pluralcolors,nominative singularcolor,nominative pluralcolors)

  1. color /colour

Descendants

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Old Galician-Portuguese

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Noun

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color f (pluralcolors)

  1. Alternative form ofcoor

Descendants

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Old Occitan

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatincolōrem.

Noun

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color f (oblique pluralcolors,nominative singularcolor,nominative pluralcolors)

  1. color /colour

Descendants

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Old Spanish

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatincolor. Cognate withOld Galician-Portuguesecoor.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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color m (pluralcolores)

  1. color /colour
    • c.1200, Almerich,Fazienda de Ultramar,f. 19r:
      […] &́ vieron la gĺa de iſŕl dedios. Como huebra de blãcor. &́ de cristal. ⁊ comocolor de los cielos mõdos […]
      […] and they saw the glory of the God of Israel, like a work of white and crystal, and like thecolor of realm of the heavens. […]

Descendants

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishcolor.Doublet ofculoare.

Adjective

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color m orf orn (indeclinable)

  1. color /colour(about film or photography)

Declension

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Declension ofcolor (invariable)
singularplural
masculineneuterfemininemasculineneuterfeminine
nominative-
accusative		indefinitecolorcolorcolorcolor
definite————
genitive-
dative		indefinitecolorcolorcolorcolor
definite————

Spanish

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Picture dictionary

Click on labels in the image

SpanishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaes

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Spanishcolor, fromLatincolōrem, singularaccusative ofcolor.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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color m orfsame meaning (pluralcolores)

  1. color /colour,hue
    • 1888,Eduardo Acevedo Díaz,Ismael‎[2], Buenos Aires: La Tribuna Nacional:
      Las mujeres atendían los pasteles y los peones los asados, a los que daban las últimas vueltas en las brasas, ya bien en punto y goteando grasacolor de oro.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
  2. (usually feminine, archaic or dialectal)complexion

Noun

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color m (pluralcolores)

  1. rouge(cosmetics)
  2. pretext,motive,reason
  3. character;special quality
    • 1992, “Sevilla tiene uncolor especial”, César Cadaval, Miguel Ángel Magüesín (lyrics), performed by Los del Río:
      Sevilla tiene uncolor especial / Sevilla sigue teniendo su duende / Me sigue oliendo a azahar / Me gusta estar con su gente
      Seville has a specialcharacter / Seville still has its charm / It still smells like orange blossom to me / I like to be with its people
  4. side,party,faction
  5. race,ethnicity
  6. (poker)flush

Usage notes

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  • The word is generally used in the masculine, while its use in the feminine is normal in medieval or classical Spanish. However, in countries like Chile or Ecuador, its use in the feminine is normal to refer to certain food colorings.[1]

Derived terms

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Related terms

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See also

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Colors in Spanish ·colores(layout ·text)
    blanco    gris    negro
            rojo;carmín,carmesí            naranja,anaranjado;marrón            amarillo;crema
            lima            verde            menta
            cian,turquesa;azul-petróleo            celeste,cerúleo            azul
            violeta;añil,índigo            magenta;morado,púrpura            rosa,rosado
Suits in Spanish ·palos(layout ·text)
corazonesdiamantespicastréboles

References

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  1. ^“color”, inDiccionario panhispánico de dudas [Panhispanic Dictionary of Doubts] (in Spanish), 2nd edition,Royal Spanish Academy;Association of Academies of the Spanish Language,2023,→ISBN

Further reading

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Anagrams

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