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church

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Church

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishchirche, fromOld Englishċiriċe(“church”), fromProto-West Germanic*kirikā, an early borrowing ofAncient Greekκυριακόν(kuriakón), neuter form ofκυριακός(kuriakós,“belonging to the lord”), fromκύριος(kúrios,“ruler, lord”), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱewh₁-(“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”).Doublet ofkirk.

additional etymological information
For vowel evolution, seebury. Ancient Greekκυριακόν(kuriakón) was used of houses of Christian worship since circa 300CE, especially in the East, though it was less common in this sense thanἐκκλησία(ekklēsía,“congregation”) orβασιλική(basilikḗ,“royal thing”). An example of the direct Greek-to-Germanic progress of many Christian words, possibly via theGoths; it was probably used by West Germanic people in their pre-Christian period. Cognate withScotskirk(“church”),West Frisiantsjerke(“church”),Saterland FrisianSäärke(“church”),Dutchkerk(“church”),GermanKirche(“church”),Danishkirke(“church”),Swedishkyrka(“church”),Norwegian Bokmålkirke,Norwegian Nynorskkyrkje(“church”), andIcelandickirkja(“church”). Also picked up bySlavic, viaOld High Germanchirihha (compareOld Church Slavonicцрькꙑ(crĭky),Bulgarianцърква(cǎrkva),Russianце́рковь(cérkovʹ)).Romance andCeltic languages use descendants of Latinecclēsia.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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A church, with many architectural features traditional to such a structure.

church (countable anduncountable,pluralchurches)

  2. (countable, Christianity) AChristianhouse of worship; a building where Christianreligiousservices take place.[from 9th c.]
    There is a lovely littlechurch in the valley.
    This building used to be achurch before being converted into a library.
    • 2007, John R. Dodd,Bucky and Friends, page117:
      He got the message and was inchurch the next Sunday. We need to stay in church with the fellowship of others in order to keep the fire of faith burning brightly.
  3. Christians collectively seen as a single spiritualcommunity;Christianity;Christendom.[from 9th c.]
    These worshippers make up theChurch of Christ.
    • Acts 20:28, New International Version:
      Be shepherds of thechurch of God, which he bought with his own blood.
  4. (countable) A local group of people who follow the same Christian religious beliefs, local or general.[from 9th c.]
    • 2007, Bill Gibson,The Ultimate Church Sound Operator's Handbook, page78:
      Many young people find their only role models of family life inchurch.
    • 2007, John R. Dodd,Bucky and Friends, page117:
      He got the message and was in church the next Sunday. We need to stay inchurch with the fellowship of others in order to keep the fire of faith burning brightly.
    • 2008, Yil Gyoung Kang,Enhancing understanding the church through preaching on ..., page61:
      As they actively get involved in ministry, lay ministry becomes vigorous, and new believers will settle inchurch with more ease.
    • 2009, Christian Smith with Patricia Snell,Souls in Transition, page194:
      she had very many adults inchurch with whom she could talk about issues in life.
    • 2004, Bev Marshall,Right as Rain‎[2], Ballantine Books,→ISBN,→LCCN,→OCLC, page130:
      Ruthie had left thechurch disappointed , reluctant to give up the idea that she was chosen by God to become a saint . But within a month she had sinned by lying , masturbating , and coveting Sarah 130 • Beu Marshall.
  5. (countable) A particulardenomination ofChristianity.[from 9th c.]
    TheChurch of England separated from the Roman CatholicChurch in 1534.
  6. (uncountable, countable, as bare noun) Christianworship held at a church;service.[from 10th c.]
    • 1997, Paul Harvey,Redeeming the South: Religious Cultures and Racial Identities ..., page119:
      Pastors complained that they were not allowed enough authority inchurch, with women exercising too much informal control.
    • 2000, Lee Roberson,Disturbing Questions...: Solid Answers, page174:
      Some people are always saying, "Oh, you have too muchchurch." You never get too muchchurch. I go tochurch every day.
    • 2003, George Shillington,On a Journey with God: You Come Too, page53:
      the learned women will be qualified to leadin church with equal grace and equal insight and equal gifts.
  7. (uncountable)Organized religion in general or a specificreligion considered as apoliticalinstitution.
    Many constitutions enshrine the separation ofchurch and state.
    • 1903,Duncan Black MacDonald,Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory, page 4:
      But in Muslim countries,Church and State are one indissolubly, and until the very essence of Islam passes away, that unity cannot be relaxed. The law of the land, too, is, in theory, the law of theChurch.
    • 1991, Cyril E. Blacket al.,The Modernization of Inner Asia‎[3], page15:
      Because the pan-Buddhist movement was heavily supported by the Japanese in Inner Mongolia, the Buddhistchurch, already under attack by Soviet-backed antireligion campaigns in Outer Mongolia, was further damaged[…]
    • 2001, Ayelet Shachar,Multicultural Jurisdictions: Cultural Differences and Women's Rights‎[4], page72:
      The secular absolutist model is based on a strict separation betweenchurch and state.
  8. (informal) Any religious group or place of worship; atemple.[from 16th c.]
    She goes to a Wiccanchurch down the road.
    • 2007, Scott A. Merriman,Religion and the Law in America‎[5], page313:
      Among these, thechurch must investigate fundemental questions,[…]
  9. (obsolete)Assembly.

Usage notes

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  • Several senses ofchurch are routinely used in prepositional phrases as abare noun, without adeterminer orarticle.Go to church signifies "attend a church service" whilego to a/the church signifies "physically go to a church building, probably without attending a service."She is at church means "she is currently attending a service," whileShe is at the church means "She is at the church building, and probably not currently in a service." This is likehome and unlikehouse, and likehospital in British but not American English.
  • (organized religion): Often capitalized as "(the) Church" without referring to a specific formal institution with that title.

Synonyms

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Hypernyms

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Hyponyms

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See alsoThesaurus:church

Proper noun hyponyms ofchurch
Other hyponyms ofchurch

Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Descendants

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Translations

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house of worship
a religious organization
a group of people who follow the same Christian religious beliefs
worship service
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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church (third-person singular simple presentchurches,present participlechurching,simple past and past participlechurched)

  1. (transitive, Christianity, now historical) To conduct areligiousservice for (a woman afterchildbirth, or a newly married couple).[from 15th c.]
    • 1485,Sir Thomas Malory, “Tercium”, inLe Morte Darthur, book XI:
      Thenne after this lady was delyuerd andchirched / there came a knyghte vnto her / his name was sire Bromel la pleche / the whiche was a grete lord and he hadde loued that lady longe / and he euermore desyred her to wedde her / and soo by no meane she coude putte hym of
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1971,Keith Thomas,Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published2012, page36:
      Nor did it [the Church] accept that the woman should stay indoors until she had beenchurched.
  2. (transitive) Toeducate someone religiously, as in in a church.

Translations

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conduct service after childbirth

Interjection

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church

  2. (slang)Used to express strongagreement.
    Synonym:preach
    – These burritos are the best! –Church!

See also

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selected ecclesiastical terms

References

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  1. ^Dobson, E. J. (1957)English pronunciation 1500-1700‎[1], second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford:Clarendon Press, published1968,→OCLC,§ 82,page572:
    Church (late OE (Southern)cy̆rice <cĭrice), in which the preceding[tʃ] aids the rounding, has normalŭ (so in Hart, Bullokar, Robinson, and Gil), but the originalĭ remains in Salesbury, Smith (besideŭ), and the Northerner Poole (besideŭ).
    .

Further reading

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Middle English

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Noun

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church

  1. Alternative form ofchirche
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