Inherited fromMiddle Frenchchocquer(“to clash in battle, shock, offend, hurt”), fromOld Frenchchoquer(“to strike against”) andPicardchuquier,çuker(“to collide in battle, knock”), both ofGermanic origin, possibly fromFrankish*skukkōn,*skukkijan(“to jolt”), fromProto-Germanic*skukkōną,*skukkijaną(“to jolt”), possibly an iterative form of*skakaną(“to shake, stir”).
Cognate withOld High Germanscoc(“jolt, shock, swing”),Middle High Germanschucken,schocken(“to hit, bump, deliver a blow to”),Middle Dutchschokken(“to push, jolt”), andEnglishshock.
choquer
| infinitive | simple | choquer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle orgerund1 | simple | choquant /ʃɔ.kɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | choqué /ʃɔ.ke/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | choque /ʃɔk/ | choques /ʃɔk/ | choque /ʃɔk/ | choquons /ʃɔ.kɔ̃/ | choquez /ʃɔ.ke/ | choquent /ʃɔk/ |
| imperfect | choquais /ʃɔ.kɛ/ | choquais /ʃɔ.kɛ/ | choquait /ʃɔ.kɛ/ | choquions /ʃɔ.kjɔ̃/ | choquiez /ʃɔ.kje/ | choquaient /ʃɔ.kɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | choquai /ʃɔ.ke/ | choquas /ʃɔ.ka/ | choqua /ʃɔ.ka/ | choquâmes /ʃɔ.kam/ | choquâtes /ʃɔ.kat/ | choquèrent /ʃɔ.kɛʁ/ | |
| future | choquerai /ʃɔ.kʁe/ | choqueras /ʃɔ.kʁa/ | choquera /ʃɔ.kʁa/ | choquerons /ʃɔ.kʁɔ̃/ | choquerez /ʃɔ.kʁe/ | choqueront /ʃɔ.kʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | choquerais /ʃɔ.kʁɛ/ | choquerais /ʃɔ.kʁɛ/ | choquerait /ʃɔ.kʁɛ/ | choquerions /ʃɔ.kə.ʁjɔ̃/ | choqueriez /ʃɔ.kə.ʁje/ | choqueraient /ʃɔ.kʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | choque /ʃɔk/ | choques /ʃɔk/ | choque /ʃɔk/ | choquions /ʃɔ.kjɔ̃/ | choquiez /ʃɔ.kje/ | choquent /ʃɔk/ |
| imperfect2 | choquasse /ʃɔ.kas/ | choquasses /ʃɔ.kas/ | choquât /ʃɔ.ka/ | choquassions /ʃɔ.ka.sjɔ̃/ | choquassiez /ʃɔ.ka.sje/ | choquassent /ʃɔ.kas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | choque /ʃɔk/ | — | choquons /ʃɔ.kɔ̃/ | choquez /ʃɔ.ke/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81). | |||||||