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chemistry

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English

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Etymology

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First coined 1605, fromchemist +‎-ry. Fromchemist,chymist, fromLatinalchimista, fromArabicاَلْكِيمِيَاء(al-kīmiyāʔ), from articleاَل(al-) +Ancient Greekχυμεία(khumeía,art of alloying metals), fromχύμα(khúma,fluid), fromχυμός(khumós,juice), fromχέω(khéō,I pour).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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chemistry (countable anduncountable,pluralchemistries)

  1. (uncountable) The branch of naturalscience that deals with the composition and constitution ofsubstances and the changes that they undergo as a consequence of alterations in the constitution of theirmolecules.
  2. (countable) Anapplication of chemical theory and method to a particular substance.
    • 1979 December 29, Tia Cross, “Lesbian Family Album”, inGay Community News, volume 7, number23, page14:
      Learning the very complicatedchemistries necessary to reproduce reality into a picture using light
    • 1984, North American Lake Management Society,Lake and Reservoir Management: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference, page250:
      The aquaticchemistries of iron and manganese are similar; this “is reflected geologically in their common association in rocks of all kinds” (Bortleson and Lee, 1974).
  3. Thechemicalproperties andreactions of a particularorganism,environment etc.
    • 2022 September 29, Carl Zimmer, “A New Approach to Spotting Tumors: Look for Their Microbes”, inThe New York Times[1]:
      But some microbes manage to move to new organs to get inside tumors. It’s possible that the particularchemistry inside a tumor, such as its level of oxygen, helps determine which microbes will thrive there.
  4. (informal) Themutualattraction between two people;rapport.
    The on-screenchemistry between the lead actors led many viewers to believe they were a couple in real life.
    The coach attributed their losses to poor teamchemistry.
    • 2019 February 25, Brett Dawson, Fred Katz, “How power forward Markieff Morris might fit in with the Thunder”, inThe Athletic[2]:
      He and[Dennis] Schröder developing pick-and-rollchemistry will certainly be an objective.[Markieff] Morris has a tendency to linger around the mid-range area after setting ball screens, but when he’s popping beyond the 3-point line, he can hurt defenses.
  5. (medicine, countable, informal, sometimes proscribed) Ablood test to measure the amount of various components of the serum (such aselectrolytes,creatinine, andglucose).
    Coordinate term:serology
    Diagnosis is presumptive by history and physical examination and is confirmed bychemistries.

Usage notes

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  • Historical note: This word and its derivatives were formerly spelledchy- or sometimeschi- (i.e.,chymistry,chymist,chymical,etc., orchimistry,chimist,chimical, etc.) with pronunciation depending on the spelling.
  • Chymistry is now sometimes used specifically to refer to sixteenth- and seventeenth-century chemistry, when it was not yet fully distinct from alchemy.

Meronyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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branch of natural science
application of chemical theory and method to a particular substance
mutual attraction between two people
as modifier: relating to or using chemistry
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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