Daunay, Jean (1998),Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)[2] (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes
Baudoin, Alphonse (1885),Glossaire de la forêt de Clairvaux[3] (in French), Troyes
^Louis Philipon De La Madelaine (1802),Des homonymes français ou mots qui dans notre langue se ressemblent par le son et diffèrent par le sens[1], page85
Grammatically third person forms used semantically in the second person as a formal or polite way of addressing someone (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
6
Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
7
Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with Frenchvous).
8
Traditional grammars still indicate the formsegli (animate),ella (animate),esso (inanimate),essa (inanimate),essi,esse as the nominative forms of the third person pronouns; outside of very formal or archaizing contexts, all such forms have been replaced by the obliqueslui,lei,loro.
9
Forms used when followed by a third-person direct object proclitic (lo,la,li,le, orne).
10
Used after verbs.
11
Unstressed forms, stand alone forms are found proclitically (except dativeloro /Loro), others enclitically (-mi,-ti, etc.).
12
Disjunctive, emphatic oblique forms used as direct objects placed after verbs, in exclamations, along prepositions (prepositional) and some adverbs (come,quanto, etc.); also used witha to create alternative emphatic dative forms.
Arthur E. Gordon,The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 ofUniversity of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
Amalia L. Robinson (2022), “Standard Sentential Negation in Basic Declarative Utterances in Hnaring Lutuv”, inIndiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures[5], volume 3, number 1
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud soce du·melmis cech túarietce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithreet frescsiu fochricce as móo.
It would be a fruit of our labor in this wayif we consumed every food andif we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.
Władysław Matlakowski (1891), “ce”, in “Zbiór wyrazów ludowych dawnej ziemi czerskiej”, inSprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności[6], volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page372
