Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WiktionaryThe Free Dictionary
Search

case

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "case"

English

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
  • FromMiddle Englishcas, fromOld Frenchcas(an event), fromLatincāsus(a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case), perfect passive participle ofcadō(to fall, to drop).

    Noun

    [edit]

    case (pluralcases)

    1. An actualevent,situation, orfact.
      For a change, in thiscase, he was telling the truth.
      It is not thecase that every unfamiliar phrase is an idiom.
      Incase of fire, break glass. [sign on fire extinguisher holder in public space]
      • 2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8845:
        Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in somecases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.
    2. (now rare) A givencondition orstate.
      • 1586,William Warner, “The Fourth Booke. Chapter XXXVI.”, inAlbions England. Or Historicall Map of the Same Island: [], London: [] George Robinson[and R. Ward] for Thomas Cadman, [],→OCLC,page174:
        Thus vvhilſt he hopt he hild her leaſt, ſo altereth thecace / VVith ſuch as ſhe, Ah ſuch it is to build on ſuch a face.
      • 1590,Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto X”, inThe Faerie Queene. [], London: [] [John Wolfe] forWilliam Ponsonbie,→OCLC:
        Ne wist he how to turne, nor to what place: / Was never wretched man in such a wofullcace.
      • 1726, Nathan Bailey, John Worlidge,Dictionarium Rusticum, Urbanicum & Botanicum:
        Mares which are over-fat, hold with much difficulty; whereas those that are but in goodcase and plump, conceive with the greatest readiness and ease.
    3. A piece ofwork, specifically defined within aprofession; the set of tasks involved in addressing the situation of a specific person or event.
      It was one of the detective's easiestcases.
      Social workers should work on a maximum of forty activecases.
      The doctor told us of an interestingcase he had treated that morning.
      • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter II, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
        We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large acase. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke.
      • 1927,F. E. Penny, chapter 4, inPulling the Strings:
        Thecase was that of a murder. It had an element of mystery about it, however, which was puzzling the authorities. A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff. These properties were known to have belonged to a toddy drawer. He had disappeared.
    4. (academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
      The teaching consists of theory lessons andcase studies.
    5. (law) A legal proceeding; alawsuit orprosecution.
    6. (grammar) A specificinflection of aword (particularly a noun, pronoun, or adjective) depending on itsfunction in thesentence.
      The accusativecase most commonly indicates a direct object.
      Latin has sixcases, and remnants of a seventh.
      • 1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 6, inTransformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page292:
        Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assignedNominativecase, as we see from:
        (16) (a)   I know [thatthey/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
        (16) (b)   I demand [thatthey/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
        By contrast, the Subject of an infinitive Clause is assignedObjectivecase, as we see from:
        (17)   I want [them/*they/*their to leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
        And the Subject of agerund Clause is assigned eitherObjective orGenitivecase: cf.
        (18)   I don't like the idea of [them/their/*they leaving for Hawaii tomorrow]
    7. (grammar, uncountable)Grammatical cases and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specificlanguage.
      Jane has been studyingcase in Caucasian languages.
      Latin is a language that employscase.
    8. (medicine) An instance of a specificcondition or set ofsymptoms.
      Antonym:noncase
      Hyponym:index case
      Coordinate term:patient
      There were another fivecases reported overnight.
      • 2013, Gillian Russell, Delia Graff Fara,Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Language, page144:
        We turn next to the puzzle of borderlineness: If Harry is intermediate between clearcases and clear noncases of baldness, “Is Harry bald?” seems to have no good, direct, answer.
    9. (programming) A section ofcode representing one of theactions of aconditionalswitch.
      • 2004, Rick Miller,C++ for Artists:
        Place a break statement at the end of everycase to prevent case fall-through.
      • 2011, Stephen Prata,C++ Primer Plus, page275:
        Execution does not automatically stop at the nextcase.
    10. (archaic) Alove affair.
      • 1867,The Young Ladies' Journal, page467:
        Poor fellow, just as I thought! It's acase with him, anybody can see that. He is thinking about Christine, for a certainty. Lovers always take to stargazing and moonlight dreaming — it's part of their complaint.
      • 1876,The New York Drama, volumes1-2, page 1:
        I thought it only an amourette when you told me. It was a fire — a conflagration; subdue it. I saw it was acase, and I advised you to try — dissipation.
    Usage notes
    [edit]

    In medicine, in precise and respectful usage, a case is not a patient and a patient is not a case, whereas a patient has a case. Inloose usage, however, the words are often treated as synonymous.

    Synonyms
    [edit]
    Hyponyms
    [edit]
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Descendants
    [edit]
    Translations
    [edit]
    actual event, situation, or fact
    piece of work
    academia: instance or event as a topic of study
    law: lawsuit
    grammar: grammatical caseseegrammatical case
    medicine: instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms
    programming: section of code
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Verb

    [edit]

    case (third-person singular simple presentcases,present participlecasing,simple past and past participlecased)

    1. (obsolete, intransitive) Toproposehypothetical cases.

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • (love affair):John Camden Hotten (1873),The Slang Dictionary
    • case on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
  • FromMiddle Englishcase, fromOld Northern Frenchcasse (compareOld Frenchchasse(box, chest, case)), fromLatincapsa(box, bookcase), fromcapiō(to take, seize, hold).Doublet ofcash,chase, andchasse. CompareSpanishcaja,Asturiancaxa,Portuguesecaixa.

    Noun

    [edit]

    case (pluralcases)

    1. Abox that contains or can contain a number ofidentical items of manufacture.
    2. A box, sheath, or covering generally.
      acase for spectacles; thecase of a watch
    3. A piece ofluggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as asewing machine.
    4. An enclosing frame or casing.
      a doorcase; a windowcase
    5. Asuitcase.
    6. A piece offurniture, constructed partially oftransparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
    7. The outercovering orframework of a piece of apparatus such as acomputer.
    8. (printing, historical) A shallowtray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holdingtype, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks,quadrats, and spaces).
    9. (typography, by extension) The nature of a piece ofalphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.
    10. (pokerslang)Four of a kind.
    11. (US) Aunit ofliquidmeasure used to measure sales in thebeverage industry, equivalent to 192fluid ounces.
    12. (mining) A small fissure which admitswater into the workings.[1]
    13. A thinlayer ofhardermetal on thesurface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
    14. Acardboard box that holds (usually 24)beerbottles orcans.
      Synonym:carton
      a singlecase ofBud Light
    15. (UK, slang, obsolete) Acounterfeitcrown(five-shilling coin).
      • 1859,Snowden's magistrates assistant, page90:
        The price of acase (five shillings piece bad) from the smasher is about one shilling; an alderman (two and sixpence) about sixpence; a peg (shilling) about threepence; a downer or sprat (sixpence) about twopence.
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Terms derived fromcase (noun, etymology 2)
    Translations
    [edit]
    box containing a number of identical items of manufacture
    sheath, covering
    piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus
    suitcase
    piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic
    outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus
    (printing, historical) a shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type
    typography: the nature of a piece of alphabetic type
    pack of (24) bottles or cans
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Adjective

    [edit]

    case (notcomparable)

    1. (pokerslang) The last remaining card of a particular rank.
      He drew thecase eight!
      • 2006, David Apostolico,Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour, page21:
        If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — thecase ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.
    References
    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    case (third-person singular simple presentcases,present participlecasing,simple past and past participlecased)

    1. (transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into abox, as in preparation forshipment.
    2. (transitive) To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
      • 1855–1858,William H[ickling] Prescott,History of the Reign ofPhilip the Second, King of Spain, volume(please specify |volume=I to III), Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson, and Company,→OCLC:
        The man who,cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle.
    3. (transitive, informal) Tosurvey (a building or other location)surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery.
      • 1977,Michael Innes,The Gay Phoenix,→ISBN,page116:
        You are in the grounds of Brockholes Abbey, a house into which a great deal of valuable property has just been moved. And your job is tocase the joint for a break in.
      • 2014,Amy Goodman,From COINTELPRO to Snowden, the FBI Burglars Speak Out After 43 Years of Silence (Part 2), Democracy Now!, January 8, 2014,0:49 to 0:57:
        Bonnie worked as a daycare director. She helpedcase the FBI office by posing as a college student interested in becoming an FBI agent.
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    Translations
    [edit]
    to place into a box
    to survey surreptitiously

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^Edward H[enry] Knight (1877), “Case”, inKnight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. [], volumes I (A–GAS), New York, N.Y.:Hurd and Houghton [],→OCLC.

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Anagrams

    [edit]

    Afar

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ħaˈse/ [ħʌˈsɛ]
    • Hyphenation:ca‧se

    Verb

    [edit]

    casé (frequentativecasamcasé,passivecassiimé)

    1. (transitive)wave at
    2. (transitive)strike,hit

    Conjugation

    [edit]
        Conjugation ofcase (type II verb)
    1st singular2nd singular3rd singular1st plural2nd plural3rd plural
    mf
    perfectiveV-affirmativecaséhcastéhcaséhcastéhcasnéhcasteeníhcaseeníh
    N-affirmativecasécastécasécastécasnécasténcasén
    negativemácasinniyomácasinnitomácasinnamácasinnamácasinninomácasinnitonmácasinnon
    imperfectiveV-affirmativecasáhcastáhcasáhcastáhcasnáhcastaanáhcasaanáh
    N-affirmativecasácastácasácastácasnácastáncasán
    negativemácasamácastamácasamácastamácasnamácastanmácasan
    prospectiveV-affirmativecaséliyoh
    caséyyoh
    casélitoh
    caséttoh
    casélehcasélehcasélinoh
    casénnoh
    casélitoonuh
    caséttoonuh
    caséloonuh
    N-affirmativecaséliyo
    caséyyo
    casélito
    casétto
    casélecasélecasélino
    casénno
    caséliton
    casétton
    casélon
    conjunctive IV-affirmativecásuhcástuhcásuhcástuhcásuhcastóonuhcasóonuh
    N-affirmativecásucástucásucástucásucastóncasón
    negativecasé wáyuhcasé wáytuhcasé wáyuhcasé wáytuhcasé wáynuhcasé waytóonuhcasé wóonuh
    conjunctive IIV-affirmativecasánkehcastánkehcasánkehcastánkehcasnánkehcastaanánkehcasaanánkeh
    N-affirmativecasánkecastánkecasánkecastánkecasnánkecastaanánkecasaanánke
    negativecasé wáankehcasé waytánkehcasé wáankehcasé waytánkehcasé waynánkehcasé waytaanánkehcasé wáankeh
    jussiveaffirmativecásaycástaycásaycástaycásaycastóonaycasóonay
    negativecasé wáaycasé wáytaycasé wáaycasé wáytaycasé wáynaycasé waytóonaycasé wóonay
    past
    conditional
    affirmativecasinniyóycasinnitóycasinnáycasinnáycasinninóycasinnitoonúycasinnoonúy
    negativecasé wanniyóycasé wannitóycasé wannáycasé wannáycasé wanninóycasé wannitoonúycasé wanninoonúy
    present
    conditional I
    affirmativecasékcastékcasékcastékcasnékcasteeníkcaseeník
    negativecasé wéekcasé waytékcasé wéekcasé waytékcasé waynékcasé wayteeníkcasé weeník
    singularpluralsingularplural
    consultativeaffirmativecasóocasnóoimperativeaffirmativecáscása
    negativemacasóomacasnóonegativemácasinmácasina
    -h converb-i form-k converb-in(n)uh converb-innuk converbinfinitiveindefinite participle
    V-focusN-focus
    cásahcásicásakcasínnuhcasínnukcasíyyacasináanihcasináan
    Compound tenses
    past perfectaffirmative perfective +perfective ofén orsugé
    present perfectaffirmative perfective +imperfective ofén
    future perfectaffirmative perfective +prospective ofsugé
    past progressive-k converb +imperfective ofén orsugé
    present progressiveaffirmative imperfect +imperfective ofén
    future progressive-k converb +prospective ofsugé
    immediate futureaffirmative conjunctive I +imperfective ofwée
    imperfect potential Iaffirmative conjunctive I +imperfective oftakké
    imperfect
    potential II
    affirmativeimperfective +-m +takké
    negativecasé +imperfective ofwée +-m +takké
    perfect
    potential
    affirmativeperfective +-m +takké
    negativecasé +perfective ofwée +-m +takké
    present
    conditional II
    affirmativeimperfective +object pronoun +tekkék
    negativecasé +perfective ofwée +object pronoun +tekkék
    perfect
    conditional
    affirmativeperfective +imperfective ofsugé +-k
    negativeperfective +sugé +imperfective ofwée-k
    irrealiscasé +perfective ofxaaxé orraaré

    References

    [edit]
    • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “case”, inAn Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London,→ISBN
    • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015),L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page263

    Asturian

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    case

    1. first/third-personsingularpresentsubjunctive ofcasar

    Chinese

    [edit]

    Alternative forms

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromEnglishcase.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    case(Hong Kong Cantonese)

    1. case(container; box)(Classifier:c)
    2. case(situation)(Classifier:c)
    3. case(piece of work)(Classifier:c)
    4. case(piece of work)(when associated with a file detailing the case, e.g. applications or reports)(Classifier:c)
    5. the person or client associated with such case(Classifier:c)
    6. case(legal proceeding)(Classifier:c; c)

    French

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Borrowed fromLatincasa, in the sense of "hut, cabin". The other senses are asemantic loan fromSpanishcasa.Doublet ofchez, which was inherited.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    case f (pluralcases)

    1. (archaic, rare or regional)hut,cabin,shack
    2. box(on form)
    3. square(on board game)

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Descendants

    [edit]
    • Saint Dominican Creole French:caze
      • Haitian Creole:kay

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Anagrams

    [edit]

    Galician

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Attested since the 15th century (quasy), inherited fromLatinquasi(as if).

    Alternative forms

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Adverb

    [edit]

    case

    1. almost

    References

    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    case

    1. inflection ofcasar:
      1. first/third-personsingularpresentsubjunctive
      2. third-personsingularimperative

    Italian

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ˈka.ze/,(traditional)/ˈka.se/
    • Rhymes:-aze,(traditional)-ase
    • Hyphenation:cà‧se

    Noun

    [edit]

    case f

    1. plural ofcasa

    Anagrams

    [edit]

    Lower Sorbian

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ˈt͡sa.sɛ/
    • Rhymes:-asɛ
    • Syllabification:ca‧se

    Noun

    [edit]

    case

    1. nominative/accusativeplural ofcas

    Middle Dutch

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromOld Dutch*kāsi, from lateProto-West Germanic*kāsī, borrowed fromLatincāseus.

    Noun

    [edit]

    câse m orn

    1. cheese

    Inflection

    [edit]
    Strong masculine noun
    singularplural
    nominativecâsecâse
    accusativecâsecâse
    genitivecâescâse
    dativecâsecâsen
    Strong neuter noun
    singularplural
    nominativecâsecâse
    accusativecâsecâse
    genitivecâescâse
    dativecâsecâsen


    Alternative forms

    [edit]

    Descendants

    [edit]

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Middle English

    [edit]

    Alternative forms

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]
  • FromOld Northern Frenchcasse, fromLatincapsa.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ˈkaːs(ə)/,/ˈkas(ə)/

    Noun

    [edit]

    case (pluralcases)

    1. box,chest,casket,case

    Descendants

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]

    Norwegian Bokmål

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Englishcase, fromLatincāsus.Doublet ofkasus.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /kɛɪ̯s/,/kæɪ̯s/

    Noun

    [edit]

    case m orn (definite singularcasenorcaset,indefinite pluralcaser,definite pluralcasene)

    1. acase study; acase as used in a case study

    References

    [edit]

    Norwegian Nynorsk

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Englishcase, fromLatincāsus.Doublet ofkasus.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /kɛɪ̯s/,/kæɪ̯s/

    Noun

    [edit]

    case m orn (definite singularcasenorcaset,indefinite pluralcasarorcase,definite pluralcasaneorcasa)

    1. acase study; acase as used in a case study
      Synonyms:døme,eksempel

    References

    [edit]

    Old French

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    caseoblique singularm (oblique pluralcases,nominative singularcases,nominative pluralcase)

    1. (grammar)case

    Portuguese

    [edit]
    PortugueseWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediapt

    Etymology 1

    [edit]
  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*kap-
    Proto-Indo-European*-yéti
    Proto-Indo-European*kapyéti
    Proto-Italic*kapjō
    Proto-Italic*kapsos
    Latincapsa
    Old Northern Frenchcassebor.
    Middle Englishcase
    Englishcaseubor.
    Portuguesecase

    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishcase.Doublet ofcaixa.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    case m orfsame meaning (pluralcases)

    1. (Brazil) aphonecase
      Synonym:capinha

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*ḱh₂d-der.
    Proto-Italic*kadō
    Latincadō
    Proto-Indo-European*-tus
    Proto-Italic*-tus
    Latin-tus
    Latincassus
    Latincāsus
    Old Frenchcasbor.
    Middle Englishcas
    Englishcase
    Portuguesecase

    Pseudo-anglicism, derived fromcase study.Doublet ofcaso.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    case m (pluralcases)

    1. (Brazil, marketing) amarketingcase study

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
     

    Verb

    [edit]

    case

    1. inflection ofcasar:
      1. first/third-personsingularpresentsubjunctive
      2. third-personsingularimperative

    Romanian

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    case

    1. inflection ofcasă:
      1. plural
      2. genitive/dativesingular

    Spanish

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ˈkase/[ˈka.se]
    • Rhymes:-ase
    • Syllabification:ca‧se

    Verb

    [edit]

    case

    1. inflection ofcasar:
      1. first/third-personsingularpresentsubjunctive
      2. third-personsingularimperative

    Swedish

    [edit]
    SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediasv

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Borrowed fromEnglishcase, fromLatincāsus.Doublet ofkasus.

    Noun

    [edit]

    case n

    1. (countable) acase(instance or event as a topic of study)
      Synonym:fall

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension ofcase
    nominativegenitive
    singularindefinitecasecases
    definitecasetcasets
    pluralindefinitecasencasens
    definitecasenacasenas

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]

    Venetan

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    case

    1. plural ofcasa
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=case&oldid=87395310"
    Categories:
    Hidden categories:

    [8]ページ先頭

    ©2009-2025 Movatter.jp