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^Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938),Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, section 37, page31
↑^2.0^2.1Finck, F. N. (1899),Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page147
^Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968),The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page74, line135
^Quiggin, E. C. (1906),A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press,§ 410, page134
^de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977),Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath[Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], page313

Old Irish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*karāti(“to love”), fromProto-Indo-European*keh₂-(“to desire, wish”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈka.ɾəðʲ/
- (Blasse)[ˈka.ɾɪðʲ]
- (Griffith)[ˈka.ɾɨðʲ]

Verb

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caraid (conjunct·cara,verbal nounsercorcarthain)

tolove
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb.23^d10
  nob·caradglossesuos desiderabat
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56^b31
  Cía techtid nach aile ní ad·chobrai-siu ⁊ ní techtai-siu ón immurgu, ní étaigther-su immanísin, .i. ní ascnae ⁊ nícharae; is sí indala ch⟨í⟩all les isindí asemulari in sin.
  Though another may possess what you may desire and you may however not possess, you should not be jealous of that thing, i.e. you should not seek after and love it; that is one of the two meanings that he finds inemulari.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56^b39
  Ad·n‑amraigther .i. no·n‑étaigther .i. ad·cosnae són nóno·carae
  that yousg may admire, i.e. that you may emulate i.e. that you may strive after or love

Inflection

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Simple, class A I present, s preterite, a future, a subjunctive
		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd	singular	plural
present indicative	abs.	caraim		caraid			carait
	conj.	·caraim	·cari	·cara	·caram		·carat	·carthar	·cartar
	rel.			caras			cartae

imperfect indicative				nob·carad(with dummy particleno- and infixed pronounb-)

preterite	abs.						carsait
	conj.						·carsat
	rel.

perfect	deut.	rot·charus(with infixed pronount-)		ro·car	rondob·carsam(with infixed pronoundob- in a nasal relative clause)		ro·carsat
perfect	prot.

future	abs.
	conj.			·cechra			·cechrat
	rel.

conditional		·cechrainn

present subjunctive	abs.		carae
	conj.		·carae	·chara;·rochra(ro-form)			·carat
	rel.

past subjunctive

imperative				carad

verbal noun		serc;carthain
past participle
verbal of necessity		carthi

Related terms

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carae

Descendants

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Irish:car

Mutation

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Mutation ofcaraid
radical	lenition	nasalization
caraid	charaid	caraid pronounced with/ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European*keh₂-

Proto-Indo-European*-rós

Proto-Celtic*karos

Proto-Celtic*-āti

Proto-Celtic*karāti

Proto-Celtic*karants

Old Irishcarae

Middle Irishcara

Scottish Gaeliccaraid

FromMiddle Irishcara(“friend, relation”) (compareIrishcara,Manxcarrey), fromOld Irishcarae(“friend, relation”), fromProto-Celtic*karants(“friend”), fromProto-Indo-European*kéh₂-ro-s(“dear”) (compareLatincārus,Englishcharity,whore).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈkʰaɾɪtʲ/

Noun

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caraid m (genitive singularcaraid,pluralcàirdeanorcaraidean)

friend
Bu tu fhèin ancaraid is cha b’ e sin a h-uilecaraid. ―You’re an extraordinary friend.
Cha chall na gheibhcaraid. ―It is no loss what a friend gains.
Is e ancaraidcaraid na crùthaig. ―A friend (to one) in need is a friend indeed.
relative,cousin

Usage notes

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Thevocative form is used when addressing people in correspondence:
“ACharaid, ...” ―“Dear Sir, ...”
“AChàirdean, ...” ―“Dear Sirs, ...”
“A Sheumais, acharaid, ...” ―“Dear James, ...”

Derived terms

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càirdeach(“related, kin”,adjective)
càirdeas(“friendship”)
càirdeil(“friendly”,adjective)

Mutation

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Mutation ofcaraid
radical	lenition
caraid	charaid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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Edward Dwelly (1911), “caraid”, inFaclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited,→ISBN