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bruk

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Bruk,BRUK,andbrúk

Gothic

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Romanization

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bruk

  1. Romanization of𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺

Javanese

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Romanization

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bruk

  1. Romanization ofꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀

Kalasha

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Etymology

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FromSanskritवृक्क(vṛkka), fromProto-Indo-Iranian*wr̥tkás; comparePersianگرده(gorde).

Noun

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bruk (Arabicبروُک)

  1. (anatomy)kidney

Lithuanian

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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brùk

  1. second-personsingularimperative ofbrukti

Lower Sorbian

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Etymology

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Cognate withUpper Sorbianbruk andCzechbrouk.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bruk anim (diminutivebruck)

  1. beetle(insect)

Declension

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Declension ofbruk
SingularDualPlural
Nominativebrukbrukabruki
Genitivebrukabrukowubrukow
Dativebrukojubrukomabrukam
Accusativebrukabrukowubruki,brukow
Instrumentalbrukombrukomabrukami
Locativebrukubrukomabrukach

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bruk”, inSłownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague:ОРЯС РАН,ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag,2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bruk”, inDolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Low Germanbruk.

Noun

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bruk m orn (definite singularbrukenorbruket,uncountable)

  1. use(noun)

Derived terms

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Terms derived frombruk (Noun 1)

Noun

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bruk n (definite singularbruket,indefinite pluralbruk,definite pluralbrukaorbrukene)

  1. farm,works,mill,factory(industrial undertaking)

Derived terms

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Terms derived frombruk (Noun 2)

Verb

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bruk

  1. imperative ofbruke

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Low Germanbruk.

Noun

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bruk m orn (definite singularbrukenorbruket,uncountable)

  1. use(noun)
Derived terms
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Noun

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bruk n (definite singularbruket,indefinite pluralbruk,definite pluralbruka)

  1. farm,works,mill,factory(industrial undertaking)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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bruk

  1. imperative ofbruka
  2. imperative ofbruke

References

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Old Polish

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Etymology

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Disputed. Probably ultimatelyderived fromGermanic. First attested in 1476.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bruk m animacy unattested

  1. (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland)cobblestonesurface(surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)
    • 1884 [1476], Ignacy Polkowski, editor,Katalog rękopisów kapitulnych katedry krakowskiej. Cz. 1, Kodexa rękopiśmienne 1-228[1], volume III, page108:
      Bruk licostratus
      [Bruk licostratus]
    • 1898-2024 [1488],Rocznik Krakowski[2], volume XVI,Krakow, page56:
      Pater edificare tenebitur... licostratum al.brug
      [Pater edificare tenebitur... licostratum al.bruk]
    • c.1500,Wokabularz lubiński,Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page75r:
      Licostratus licostriges vel licostratum dicit Brito esse variationem coloris pauimenti et quodcumque aliud opus dummodo fit ex lapidibus diuesorum colorumbrvk
      [Licostratus licostriges vel licostratum dicit Brito esse variationem coloris pauimenti et quodcumque aliud opus dummodo fit ex lapidibus diuesorum colorumbruk]

Descendants

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References

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Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Polishbruk.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bruk inan (related adjectivebrukowy)

  1. cobblestones(road pavement made of stones)
    • 1969, Seweryn Orzełowski,Budowa podwozi i nadwozi samochodowych[3], 18th edition, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, page379:
      Na podstawie obserwowanej eksploatacji wyznacza się [...] procentowe udziały pracy na drogach o różnych rodzajach nawierzchni (asfalt,bruk, drogi gruntowe)[...]
      On the basis of the observed exploitation one determines the percentage of action on roads with different kinds of pavement (asphalt,cobblestones, dirt roads) [...]
    • 2013 November 11, “Wyrwany bruk, rozbite samochody. Skutki zamieszek”, inRzeczpospolita[4], archived fromthe original on2023-01-11:
      Policja pilnuje zniszczonej ulicy Wilczej. Leży na niejbruk, szkło i metalowe słupki.
      The police is monitoring the ruined Wilcza [Wolf] Street. On it liecobblestones, glass, and metal poles.
    • 2021 September 11, Aleksandra Beldowicz, “Poznań stawia na rośliny w centrum miasta”, inRzeczpospolita[5], archived fromthe original on2021-09-20:
      [...] władze miasta planują usuwaćbruk i sadzić rośliny [...]
      [...] the city government plans to remove thecobblestones and plant plants [...]
    • 1934 June 13, “Zamach na asfalt magistracki”, in Józef Matuszczyk, editor,ABC: pismo codzienne informuje wszystkich o wszystkiem[6], number161, Warszawa: Mazowiecka Spółka Wydawnicza, archived fromthe original on2023-01-11, page 4:
      W tych dniach na ul. Gęsiej przystąpiono do naprawianiabruku asfaltowego, jednakże robotę chwilowo przerwano.
      In these days, on Gęsia [Goose] Street, the repair of the asphaltpavement was begun; however, the work was momentarily stopped.
  2. (geology)duricrust(rocky cover of the earth's crust formed on a layer of mixed composition)
  3. (Far Masovian, Łomża)stonefence(fence of mossy, blackened stones)
  4. (Middle Polish, figuratively)revelry;brawl
    Synonyms:burda,hulanka

Declension

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Declension ofbruk
singularplural
nominativebrukbruki
genitivebrukubruków
dativebrukowibrukom
accusativebrukbruki
instrumentalbrukiembrukami
locativebrukubrukach
vocativebrukubruki

Derived terms

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adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs

Further reading

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  • bruk inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • bruk in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • bruk in PWN's encyclopedia
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bruk”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Wiesław Morawski (22.04.2013) “BRUK”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bruk”, inSłownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bruk”, inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bruk”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page212
  • Jan Karłowicz (1900) “bruk”, inSłownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page122

Swedish

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SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv
SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv
SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv
SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv

Etymology

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FromLow Germanbruk(use), from the verbbruken(to use).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bruk n

  1. (regular or continuous)use,usage
    Jag har ingetbruk för den
    I have nouse for it
    1. (in compounds)cultivation,tillage, etc. (use of soil, land, or other resources)
  2. (countable, uncountable)practice (general habit of some group of people)
    seder ochbruk
    customs andpractices
  3. amill, aworks (industrial facility for processing raw materials, usually dealing with iron, wood, or glass – especially one with a long history)
    Han jobbar påbruket
    He works atthe mill
  4. mortar (mixture of cement)
    • 1948,Ulf Peder Olrog, song title
      Merabruk i baljan, boys
      More mortar in the trough, boys
    Synonym:murbruk

Usage notes

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Idiomatic for using illegal drugs and certain public services – for example home care – in (sense 1).

Declension

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Declension ofbruk
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitebrukbruks
definitebruketbrukets
pluralindefinitebrukbruks
definitebrukenbrukens

Derived terms

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Related terms

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See also

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References

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Anagrams

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Tok Pisin

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Etymology

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FromEnglishbreak.

Verb

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bruk intrans.,transitivebrukim

  1. (intransitive)break

Adjective

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bruk

  1. broken

Related terms

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=bruk&oldid=84186937"
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