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bok

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Bok,bök,bók,andbøk

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromAfrikaansbok.Doublet ofbuck. CompareGermanBock(willingness, desire).

Adjective

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bok

  1. (South Africa, slang)Keen orwilling.
    "Do you want to go to the movies?" "Ja, I'mbok."

Etymology 2

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Imitative

This entry needs a sound clip exemplifying the definition.

Interjection

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bok

  1. Theclucking sound of achicken.
    Alternative form:bawk
    • 2000, William S Pollack, Todd Shuster,Real boys' voices:
      And he says, "Chicken!Bok bok bok bok!" One time I got up and put the controller down and we started fighting.
    • 2004, Andrew Bennett, Nicholas Royle,An introduction to literature, criticism and theory:
      So the librarian gives the chicken a book. The chicken goes away, but comes back the next day, goes up to the librarian's desk and says: 'Bok, bok!'

See also

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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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FromDutchbok(buck, male goat), fromMiddle Dutchboc, fromOld Dutchbuc, fromProto-Germanic*bukkaz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok (pluralbokke,diminutivebokkie)

  1. goat
  2. antelope,buck
    Synonym:wildsbok
  3. (slang)lover(term of affection)
    Synonym:bokkie
  4. (gymnastics)vaulting horse
  5. blunder

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Adjective

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bok (attributivebokke,comparativebokker,superlativebokste)

  1. keen,willing

Cebuano

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Etymology

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FromPhilippineEnglishbok, frombunk, shortened frombunkmate.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation:bok

Noun

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bok

  1. one'sbatchmate orclassmate in thePhilippine Military Academy

Choctaw

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Etymology

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Attested asbayuk in the 17th century.

Noun

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bōk (alienable)

  1. creek,stream
  2. river

Declension

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possessive (alienable)singularpaucalplural
first-person("my, our")a̱bōkpi̱bōkhapi̱bōk
second-person("thy, your")chi̱bōkhachi̱bōk
third-person("his, her,
its, their")
i̱bōk
absolutenominativeaccusativeoblique
neutralbōkbōkatbōka̱bōkak
contrastivebōkakōbōkakōshbōkako̱bōkakakō
bōkatobōkano
focusbōkōbōkakō
bōkōshbōko̱
-ma
"that, there"
-pa
"this, here"
-kia
"also, too"
-ba
"only"
-ōk
"but"
-akhī
pejorative
bōkmabōkpabōk(ak)kiabōkbabōkōkbōkakhī

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Czech

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CzechWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediacs

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechbok, fromProto-Slavic*bokъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok inan (diminutivebočekorbůček)

  1. side
  2. flank
  3. (anatomy)hip

Declension

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Declension ofbok (velar masculine inanimate)
singularplural
nominativebokboky
genitivebokuboků
dativebokubokům
accusativebokboky
vocativebokuboky
locativebokubocích
instrumentalbokemboky

Related terms

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adjectives
nouns
verbs

Further reading

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  • bok”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
  • bok”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
  • bok”, inInternetová jazyková příručka (in Czech),2008–2025

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Dutchboc, fromOld Dutchbuc, fromProto-West Germanic*bukk, fromProto-Germanic*bukkaz.

Noun

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bok m (pluralbokken,diminutivebokje n)

  1. malegoat,billy
    Synonym:geitenbok
  2. buck,horse orpony; strong contraption on legs, resembling a mount
    1. (gymnastics)vaulting horse
    2. sawbuck
      Synonym:zaagbok
    3. acrane on legs
  3. box,perch(driver's seat on a carriage)
  4. (printing)job case,type case
  5. (derogatory)churl,grouch
  6. (derogatory)oaf,bumpkin
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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bok

  1. inflection ofbokken:
    1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
    3. imperative

Etymology 3

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Proposed etymologies includeLokonobo-kia(emphatic 'you'),LokonoLokono(people, Arawak),Portuguesebotoque(lip plate),Portuguesebugre(derogatory term for an Amerindian). CompareEnglishbuck(a black or Native American man).

Noun

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bok m (pluralbokken,diminutivebokje n,femininebokkin)

  1. (Suriname, obsolete)Amerindian person
    • 1907,F.P. Penard, A.P. Penard,De menschetende aanbidders der zonneslang [The man-eating worshippers of the sun snake]‎[1], Paramaribo: H.B. Heyde, pages49-50:
      Dat echter een afgerichte negerslaaf beter te gebruiken was dan 50Bokken klinkt wel wat ongelooflijk, in aanmerking genomen, dat thans nog algemeen onder de negers het verhaal de ronde doet, dat de weggeloopen slaven veel banger waren voor de Indianen dan voor de blanken of negersoldaten. Inderdaad in Demerara waren het deBokken, die daar de vorming van onafhankelijk negerstaten belet hebben.
      However, that a trained Negro slave was more useful than fiftyAmerindians sounds somewhat incredible, considering that even now the story is widely told among Negroes that runaway slaves were much more afraid of Indians than whites or Negro soldiers. Indeed, in Demerara, it were theAmerindians who prevented the formation of independent Negro nations.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Berbice Creole Dutch:boko
  • Guyanese Creole English:buck
  • Trinidadian Creole English:buck

Etymology 4

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Borrowed fromCaribbean Javanesembok.

Noun

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bok f (uncountable)

  1. (Suriname, dated)Form of address for aJavanese woman

Kashubian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromGermanBock.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok m animal

  1. buck,he-goat
    Synonym:kòzeł

Further reading

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  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “kozioł”, inSłownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[2]

Lower Sorbian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Slavic*bokъ. Cognate withUpper Sorbianbok,Polishbok,Czechbok,Russianбок(bok), andSerbo-Croatianbȍk.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok inan

  1. side(bounding straight edge of an object; flat surface of an object; left or right half; surface of a sheet of paper)
  2. page(one side of a leaf of a book)
  3. (chiefly in thedual)breast(organs on the front of a woman’s chest, which contain the mammary glands)
    Synonym:prědk

Declension

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Declension ofbok
SingularDualPlural
Nominativebokbokaboki
Genitivebokabokowubokow
Dativebokojubokomabokam
Accusativebokbokaboki
Instrumentalbokombokomabokami
Locativebokubokomabokach
  • Alternative locative singular:boce

Further reading

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  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bok”, inSłownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague:ОРЯС РАН,ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag,2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bok”, inDolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Maranao

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Etymology

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Frombuhok, compareTagalogbuhok.

Noun

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bok

  1. headhair

Marshallese

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok

  1. blister
  2. chicken pox

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok

  1. bladder

Etymology 3

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FromEnglishbook.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok (construct formbokin)

  1. book

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok

  1. sand
  2. sandspit
  3. sandbar

References

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishbōc, in turn fromProto-West Germanic*bōk, fromProto-Germanic*bōks.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok (pluralbokes)

  1. book(a written document composed of pages)

Related terms

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Descendants

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References

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Middle Low German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Saxonbōk, fromProto-West Germanic*bōk, fromProto-Germanic*bōks.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bôk n

  1. book
  2. beechnut

Descendants

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  • Low German:
    Dutch Low Saxon:book
    German Low German:Book
  • Plautdietsch:Buak

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian BokmålWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedianb

Alternative forms

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  • bog (non-standard since 1907)

Etymology

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FromOld Norsebók(beech, book), fromProto-Germanic*bōks(letter), eitherfrom*bōkō(beech), fromProto-Indo-European*bʰeh₂ǵos(beech),or fromProto-Indo-European*bʰeh₂g-(to divide, distribute, allot).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok f orm (definite singularbokaorboken,indefinite pluralbøker,definite pluralbøkene)

  1. book

Usage notes

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  • One of the nouns whosefeminine form is predominant in formal writing.

Derived terms

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Noun

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Norwegian BokmålWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedianb

bok f orm (definite singularbokaorboken,indefinite pluralboker,definite pluralbokene)

  1. beech(tree)

Alternative forms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian NynorskWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediann

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsebók, fromProto-Germanic*bōks. Akin toEnglishbook,German Low GermanBook.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok f (definite singularboka,indefinite pluralbøker,definite pluralbøkene)

  1. book

Derived terms

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References

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Old Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*bokъ. First attested in the 13th century.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok inan (related adjectivebokowy)

  1. (anatomy, attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland, Silesia, Greater Poland)side,flank(neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person or animal)
    • 1937 [Second half of the 15th century], Józef Birkenmajer, editor,Bogarodzica dziewica. Analiza tekstu, treści i formy[3], number C,Warsaw:
      Czyebye dla, czlowyecze, dal bog przeklocz szobyebok, racze, nodze obye
      [Ciebie dla, człowiecze, dał Bog przekłóć sobiebok, ręce, nodze obie]
    • c.1500,Wokabularz lubiński,Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page73v:
      Latus[] a lateo lates eyn seytbok
      [Latus[] a lateo lates eyn seytbok]
  2. side,flank(neither the front nor the back of an object)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎[4],Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages47, 2:
      Zacladana iest weselim wszelika zema gora Syon:boky polnoczi, masto crola welikego (fundatur exultatione universae terrae mons Sion: latera aquilonis, civitas regis magni)
      [Zakładana jest wiesielim wszelikiej ziemie gora Syjon,boki północy, miasto króla wielikiego (fundatur exultatione universae terrae mons Sion: latera aquilonis, civitas regis magni)]

Derived terms

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verbs

Descendants

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References

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  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “bok”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
  • Mańczak, Witold (2017) “bok”, inPolski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności,→ISBN
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “bok”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “bok”, inJan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors,Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bok”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
  • Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “bok”, inRozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków:Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*bōk, fromProto-Germanic*bōks, whence also Old Englishbōc, Old Frisianbōk, Old High Germanbuoh, Old Norsebók.

Noun

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bōk f orn

  1. book

Declension

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bōk (feminine i-stem)
singularplural
nominativebōkbōki
accusativebōkbōki
genitivebōkibōkiō
dativebōkibōkium
instrumental
bōk (neuter a-stem)
singularplural
nominativebōkbōk
accusativebōkbōk
genitivebōkesbōkō
dativebōkebōkun
instrumental

Descendants

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  • Middle Low German:bôk,buk
    • Low German:
      Dutch Low Saxon:book
      German Low German:Book
    • Plautdietsch:Buak

Old Swedish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsebók, fromProto-Germanic*bōks.

Noun

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bōk f

  1. book

Declension

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Declension ofbōk (consonant stem)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativebōkbōkinbø̄kerbø̄krina(r),-rena(r)
accusativebōkbōkina,-enabø̄kerbø̄krina(r),-rena(r)
dativebōkbōkinni,-innebōkum,-ombōkumin,-omen
genitivebōka(r)inna(r)bōkabōkanna

Descendants

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Polish

[edit]
PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Polishbok.

Noun

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bok inan (related adjectiveboczny)

  1. (anatomy)side,flank(neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal)
    1. (Middle Polish)physical oremotionalcloseness to someone
  2. side,flank(neither the front nor the back; lateral part of an object)
    Synonym:strona
  3. side(place in space located to the right or left of some central reference point)
  4. (geometry)side(segment connecting two vertices of a polygon)
  5. side(place out of the way)
    Synonyms:strona,ustronie
  6. (obsolete, mining)shaftwall
  7. (Middle Polish, collective, metonomically)man;humancommunity;group
  8. (Middle Polish)side;Further details are uncertain.
    • 1528, J. Murmelius,Dictionarius[5], page60:
      LatusBok
      [LatusBok]
Declension
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Declension ofbok
singularplural
nominativebokboki
genitivebokuboków
dativebokowibokom
accusativebokboki
instrumentalbokiembokami
locativebokubokach
vocativebokuboki
Derived terms
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adverbs
interjections
nouns
prepositions
verbs
verbs
Derived terms
[edit]
adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs

Etymology 2

[edit]

Seebąk.

Noun

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bok m animal

  1. (Kielce)Alternative form ofbąk(child)

Further reading

[edit]
  • bok inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • bok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bok”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Wiesław Morawski (23.10.2012) “BOK”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bok”, inSłownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bok”, inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bok”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page186
  • bok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*bokъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bȏkorbȍk m (Cyrillic spellingбо̑кorбо̏к)

  1. side (especially body part)
    bok uz bokside by side
  2. flank
Declension
[edit]
Declension ofbȏk
singularplural
nominativebȏkbòkovi
genitivebȍkabòkōvā
dativebȍkubòkovima
accusativebȏkbòkove
vocativebȍčebòkovi
locativebòkubòkovima
instrumentalbȍkombòkovima

The accent shift is non-weakened: nȁ bōk.

Usage notes

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  • Also can occur as a.p. B in western dialects: bȍk, bòka... (Milas 1903:95 (49), ŠRHJ, Kapović 2010).
  • Daničić (ARj) provides short falling in plural: bȍkovi, bȍkōvā...
  • Older attestations:
    • Vrančić 1595: Book (Lumbus)
    • Micalia 1649: bók
    • Della Bella 1728: Book, ód bokka (Lato)
    • Belostenec 1740: Bòki / (D[ubrovnik]) boczi
    • Stulli 1806: Bōk, okka
  • Dialectal attestations:
    • Lužnica (Ćirić): bo̍k, bo̍kovi
    • Mostar (Milas, p.95 (49)): bȍk, bòka
    • Novi Vinodolski (Беличъ, p.209): bȏk, bȍka
    • Susak (Hamm/Hraste/Guberina, p.106): buȏk, bŏkȁ [a.p. D?]
    • Varaždin (Lipljin): b'ok, bȏka, [Gpl] bokȏf
    • Vrgada (Jurišić): bȏk, bȍka

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromBog (shortened from a greeting such asBog s tobom,zdravobog,[1] etc.) by devoicing of the final consonant typical in Kajkavian dialects.[2] Attested in Zagreb colloqual usage since mid-20th century.[3] A widespread alternative etymology proposes a fictional Austrian German greetingmein Bücken (supposedly "my bow"); the etymology is not acceptable, as the greeting is not attested in German,[4] and the usual loanword adaptation into Croatian would yield a different phonetic form.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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bok (Cyrillic spellingбок)

  1. (Croatia, Kajkavian)hi
    Synonyms:zdravo,pozdrav,ćao
  2. (Croatia, Kajkavian)bye
    Synonyms:zbogom,zdravo,pozdrav,ćao

Footnotes

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  1. ^Magner 1966:80
  2. ^ERHJ
  3. ^Magner 1966:80
  4. ^Babić 2019

Bibliography

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Silesian

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Polishbok.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok inan (related adjectiveboczny)

  1. side,flank(neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal, or object)
    1. sidecurtain by awindow
    2. wayside,roadside

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofbok
singularplural
nominativebokboki
genitivebokubokōw
dativebokowibokōm
accusativebokboki
instrumentalbokymbokami/bokōma
locativebokubokach
vocativebokuboki

Further reading

[edit]
  • bok in dykcjonorz.eu
  • bok in silling.org
  • Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “bok”, inZasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page65
  • Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “bok”, inDykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page70

Swedish

[edit]
SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Swedishbōk, fromOld Norsebók, fromProto-Germanic*bōks, of uncertain origin but usually connected toProto-Indo-European*bʰeh₂ǵ-(beech) orProto-Indo-European*bʰeh₂g-(to allot).

Noun

[edit]

bok c

  1. book:
    1. collection of sheets of paper
    2. a work of literature
    3. a major division of a published work
Declension
[edit]
Declension ofbok
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitebokboks
definitebokenbokens
pluralindefiniteböckerböckers
definiteböckernaböckernas
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromOld Swedishbōk, fromOld Norsebók, fromProto-Germanic*bōkō, fromProto-Indo-European*bʰeh₂ǵos.

Noun

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bok c

  1. beech(tree of the genusFagus)
Declension
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Declension ofbok
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitebokboks
definitebokenbokens
pluralindefinitebokarbokars
definitebokarnabokarnas
Derived terms
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References

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Turkish

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Etymology

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FromOttoman Turkishبوق(bòq,excrement, dung, turd, shit), fromProto-Turkic*bok(dirt, dung).
Cognate withOld Turkic𐰉𐰸(bok),Kazakhбоқ(boq),Azerbaijanipox,Kyrgyzбок(bok), etc.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok (definite accusativeboku,pluralboklar)

  1. (vulgar)shit (solid excretory product evacuated from the bowel)

Declension

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Declension ofbok
singularplural
nominativebokboklar
definite accusativebokubokları
dativebokaboklara
locativeboktaboklarda
ablativeboktanboklardan
genitivebokunbokların
Possessive forms
nominative
singularplural
1st singularbokumboklarım
2nd singularbokunbokların
3rd singularbokubokları
1st pluralbokumuzboklarımız
2nd pluralbokunuzboklarınız
3rd pluralboklarıbokları
definite accusative
singularplural
1st singularbokumuboklarımı
2nd singularbokunuboklarını
3rd singularbokunuboklarını
1st pluralbokumuzuboklarımızı
2nd pluralbokunuzuboklarınızı
3rd pluralboklarınıboklarını
dative
singularplural
1st singularbokumaboklarıma
2nd singularbokunaboklarına
3rd singularbokunaboklarına
1st pluralbokumuzaboklarımıza
2nd pluralbokunuzaboklarınıza
3rd pluralboklarınaboklarına
locative
singularplural
1st singularbokumdaboklarımda
2nd singularbokundaboklarında
3rd singularbokundaboklarında
1st pluralbokumuzdaboklarımızda
2nd pluralbokunuzdaboklarınızda
3rd pluralboklarındaboklarında
ablative
singularplural
1st singularbokumdanboklarımdan
2nd singularbokundanboklarından
3rd singularbokundanboklarından
1st pluralbokumuzdanboklarımızdan
2nd pluralbokunuzdanboklarınızdan
3rd pluralboklarındanboklarından
genitive
singularplural
1st singularbokumunboklarımın
2nd singularbokununboklarının
3rd singularbokununboklarının
1st pluralbokumuzunboklarımızın
2nd pluralbokunuzunboklarınızın
3rd pluralboklarınınboklarının

Derived terms

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Volapük

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishbox (boks).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bok (nominative pluralboks)

  1. box

Declension

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Declension ofbok
singularplural
nominativebokboks
genitivebokabokas
dativebokebokes
accusativebokibokis
vocative1obok!oboks!
predicative2bokubokus

1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

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See also

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