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bod

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Bod,BOD,böd,bød,andboð

Translingual

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Symbol

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bod

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-2/T &ISO 639-3language code forTibetan.

English

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Etymology

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Clipping ofbody. The sense of “person” may alternatively derive fromScottish Gaelicbodach(“old man”) viaScots.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bod (pluralbods)

  1. (slang) Thebody.
    Fred likes to keep hisbod in shape.
  2. (slang) Aperson.
    • 1982,Paul Radley,My Blue-Checker Corker and Me, Sydney: Fontana/Collins, page113:
      He went to the upstairs lookout and peered down upon the politicalbod, whom he recognised as the fatso who had given a thin, starving speech one lunch-time to the new High School students[.]
    • 2005, Richard Templar,The Rules of Management, page73:
      There were cameras covering car parks, offices, corridors and storage areas in the basement. Result. The securitybods started watching as if their lives depended on it.
    • 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and Facts behind railway plaques: Reading (1840)”, inRAIL, number947, page56:
      People such as William James and the Stephensons (with whom he collaborated) may have been the movers and shakers of the early railways, but there was other, less exaltedbods who constructed all the paraphernalia - including stations.

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^Chambers 21st Century Dictionary, "bod (noun)"

Anagrams

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Czech

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CzechWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediacs
FWOTD – 21 March 2021

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechbod, fromProto-Slavic*bodъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bod m inan

  1. (geometry)point
  2. (temperature)point
    bod mrazu ―freezing point
  3. item(of an agenda)
  4. (sports)point,mark
  5. stab
    • 1866, Josef Bojislav Pichl, transl.,Don Quijote de la Mancha‎[1], Praha: I. L. Kober, translation of original by Miguel de Cervantes, page34:
      Na moutě duchu! zvolal po těch slovích Sancho; ať nedím tři tisíce šlehů, ale ani tři si nedám, jako nedal bych si tři body dýkou.
      "By all that's good," exclaimed Sancho at this, "I'll just as soon give myself three stabs with a dagger as three, not to say three thousand, lashes.

Declension

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Declension ofbod (hard masculine inanimate)
singularplural
nominativebodbody
genitivebodubodů
dativebodubodům
accusativebodbody
vocativebodebody
locativebodě,bodubodech
instrumentalbodembody

Derived terms

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adjectives
nouns
verbs

Related terms

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Further reading

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  • “bod”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
  • “bod”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
  • “bod”, inInternetová jazyková příručka (in Czech),2008–2025

Anagrams

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Danish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Danishbōð, fromOld East Norsebóð, fromProto-Germanic*bōþō(“building, dwelling”), cognate withOld West Norsebúð,Englishbooth,GermanBude.

Noun

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bod c (singular definiteboden,plural indefiniteboder)

  1. booth,stall
  2. shop
Declension
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Declension ofbod
common
gender		singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativebodbodenboderboderne
genitivebodsbodensbodersbodernes

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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FromOld Norsebót, fromProto-Germanic*bōtō(“improvement, atonement”), cognate withSwedishbot,Englishboot,GermanBuße,Dutchboete.Doublet ofbøde.

Noun

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bod c (singular definiteboden,not used in plural form)

  1. fine
  2. penance
Usage notes
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Now especially in the phrasesgøre bod,råde bod på.

Declension
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Declension ofbod
common
gender		singular
indefinitedefinite
nominativebodboden
genitivebodsbodens
Derived terms
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References

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchbot, fromOld Dutch*bot, fromProto-West Germanic*bod, fromProto-Germanic*budą.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bod n (pluralboden,diminutivebodje n)

  1. order
  2. offer

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Sranan Tongo:bot

Irish

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Irishbot(“tail; penis”), fromProto-Celtic*buzdos(“tail, penis”) (cf.Welshboth(“hub”),Bretonbod(“bush, shrub”)), perhaps fromProto-Indo-European*gʷosdʰos(“piece of wood”). For the archaic sense, compareEnglishdick(“mean person, jerk, etc.”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bod m (genitive singularboid,nominative pluralboid)

  1. penis
    Synonym:cuideog(euphemistic)
  2. (archaic)churl,boor,lout

Declension

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Declension ofbod (first declension)
forms with thedefinite article
singularplural
nominativeanbodnaboid
genitiveanbhoidnambod
dativeleis anmbod
donbhod		leis naboid

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms ofbod
radicallenitioneclipsis
bodbhodmbod

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromOld West Norseboð, fromProto-Germanic*budą(“offer, message”), cognate withIcelandicboð,Dutchbod,GermanGebot.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bod n (definite singularbodet,indefinite pluralbod,definite pluralboda)

  1. message
    Synonym:melding
    Eg kjem medbod.
    I come with amessage.
  2. offer
  3. (in compounds)messenger,delivery man
    Postbod ―Mailman

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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Old English

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*bod. Cognate withOld Norseboð.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bod n (nominative pluralbodu)

  1. acommand,mandate,precept,order;bidding

Declension

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Stronga-stem:

singularplural
nominativebodbodu
accusativebodbodu
genitivebodesboda
dativebodebodum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchbaud, named after French telegraph engineer and inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bod m inan

  1. (computing, telecommunications)baud

Declension

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Declension ofbod
singularplural
nominativebodbody
genitivebodubodów
dativebodowibodom
accusativebodbody
instrumentalbodembodami
locativebodziebodach
vocativebodziebody

Further reading

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  • bod in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Irishbot(“tail; penis”), fromProto-Celtic*buzdos(“tail, penis”), perhaps fromProto-Indo-European*gʷosdʰos(“piece of wood”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bod m (genitive singularboid,pluralboid)

  1. (anatomy)penis

Mutation

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Mutation ofbod
radicallenition
bodbhod

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “bod”, inFaclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited,→ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bot”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*bodъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bȏd m (Cyrillic spellingбо̑д)

  1. sting(with a needle or a sharp object)
  2. (embroidery, knitting)stitch
  3. (sports)point
    Synonym:poen
Declension
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Declension ofbod
singularplural
nominativebȏdbódovi
genitivebodabodova
dativebodubodovima
accusativebodbodove
vocativebodebodovi
locativebodubodovima
instrumentalbodombodovima
Related terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromEnglishbaud.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bȏd m (Cyrillic spellingбо̑д)

  1. baud
Declension
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Declension ofbod
singularplural
nominativebȏdbódovi
genitivebodabodova
dativebodubodovima
accusativebodbodove
vocativebodebodovi
locativebodubodovima
instrumentalbodombodovima

Swedish

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Etymology

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FromOld Swedishboþ, fromOld Norsebóð (Compare Old West Norsebúð), fromProto-Germanic*bōþō(“dwelling”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bod c

  1. ashed
    vedbod
    woodshed
  2. a smallshop
    1. astall
      bodar på en julmarknad
      stalls at a Christmas market

Declension

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Declension ofbod
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitebodbods
definitebodenbodens
pluralindefinitebodarbodars
definitebodarnabodarnas

Derived terms

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See also

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References

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Volapük

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromGermanBrot,Englishbread andDutchbrood.

Noun

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bod (nominative pluralbods)

  1. bread

Declension

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Declension ofbod
singularplural
nominativebodbods
genitivebodabodas
dativebodebodes
accusativebodibodis
vocative1obod!obods!
predicative2bodubodus

1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

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Welsh

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Welshbot, fromProto-Brythonic*bod, fromProto-Celtic*butā (cf.Cornishbos,Bretonbout), fromProto-Indo-European*bʰuH-(“to be, become”); all theb- initial forms are from the same root. The vowel-initial forms as well assy(dd) are fromProto-Indo-European*h₁es-(“to be”).

The present-progressive forms withyd- (ydwyf, etc.), and hence the colloquial present-affirmative forms withd- (dw, etc.), are from the affirmative particleyd.[1] Colloquial affirmative forms withr- (rwyt,roeddwn, etc.) are from the affirmative particleyr. Colloquial negative forms withd- (dydw,does,doeddwn, etc.) are from the negative particlenid.

The third-person singular presentmae originally meant ‘here is’ and is from the same source asyma(“here”) plusProto-Celtic*esti. The third-person pluralmaent (colloquialmaen) is derived from the singular by adding the third-person plural verb ending-nt.

Counterfactual forms such aspetaswn andtaswn are from univerbation withpe(“if”) +‎yd(affirmative particle).[2]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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bod (first-person singular presentwyf)

  1. tobe
  2. there be (there is, there are etc.)
  3. (auxiliary)
    1. Used withyn to form various tenses withprogressive orstative meaning
    2. Used withwedi to form various tenses withperfect meaning
  4. that...is,that...are, etc. (personal forms:(fy)modi,(dy)foddi,(ei)fode/o,(ei)bodhi,(ein)bodni,(eich)bodchi,(eu)bodnhw)
    Dw i’n meddwl (ei)bod hi’n ddoniol. ―I thinkthat she’s funny.
    Mae hi’n meddwl (fy)mod i’n dod. ―She thinksthat I’m coming.
    Roedd Eleri yn dweud (dy)fod di’n sâl. ―Eleri was saying youwere ill.

Usage notes

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  • Bod is the primaryauxiliary verb in Welsh, used to form a great number ofperiphrastic tenses; seeAppendix:Welsh conjugation.
  • The two conditional tense stemsbydd- andbas- can be opted between freely, althoughbas- is more common when used alongside acounterfactual in(pe) tas-.
  • The preterite is relatively rare and mostly interchangeable with the imperfect.
  • In the tenses given here, all forms ofbod must be linked to a noun, adjective or verb withyn,wedi, or some other similar particle.
  • The existential sense ("there is") uses the distinct interrogative formoes and negativedoes, however the affirmativemae is the same as the main verb, as are all non-present tenses.
  • Bod introduces a subordinate clause only when the corresponding main clause would begin with a form ofbod (the verb "to be") in the present or imperfect tense (including perfect and pluperfect clauses withwedi).
  • Nouns are preceded withbod, orfod if the preceding verb is conjugated.

Conjugation

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Conjugation
Literary formssingularpluralimpersonal
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
present progressivewyf,ydwyfwyt,ydwytmae;
yw,ydyw,ydy,ydi;
oes;
sydd,sy		ŷm,ydymŷch,ydychmaent;
ŷnt,ydynt		ys,ydys
present habitual/futurebyddafbyddibyddbyddwnbyddwchbyddantbyddir,byddys
imperfect/conditionaloeddwnoeddit,oeddetoedd,ydoeddoeddemoeddechoeddynt,oeddentoeddid
imperfect habitualbyddwnbydditbyddaibyddembyddechbyddentbyddid
preteritebûmbuostbubuombuochbuont,buantbuwyd
pluperfectbuaswnbuasitbuasaibuasembuasechbuasentbuasid,buesid
counterfactual plup.
forms combined withpe		petaswnpetasitpetasaipetasempetasechpetasent—
present subjunctivebwyf,byddwyfbych,byddych,byddechbo,byddobôm,byddomboch,byddochbônt,byddontbydder
imperfect subjunctivebawn,byddwnbait,baet,byddit,byddetbai,bae,byddaibaem,byddembaech,byddechbaent,byddentbyddid
counterfactual impf. subj.
forms combined withpe		petawnpetait,petaetpetaipetaempetaechpetaent—
imperative—bydd,byddabydded,boed,bidbyddwnbyddwchbyddentbydder
verbal nounbod
verbal adjectivesbodedig
bodadwy


Colloquial formssingularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
presentaffirmativedw i,dwi,rw i,rwy,w irwyt timae e/o/hi,ma' fe;
ydy,yw;
sy		dyn ni,dan ni,ŷn nidach chi,ych chi,dych chimaen nhw
negativedydw i ddim,dw i ddim,w i ddim,sa idwyt ti ddim,ti ddim,so tidydy e/o/hi ddim,tydy o/hi ddim,dyw e/hi ddim,so fe/hi;
doesdim;
sy ddim		dyn ni ddim,dydyn ni ddim,dan ni ddim,dydan ni ddim,ŷn ni ddim,so nidydych chi ddim,dach chi ddim,dydach chi ddim,ych chi ddim,chi ddim,so chidydyn nhw ddim,ŷn nhw ddim,so nhw
interrogativeydw iwyt tiydy e/o/hi,yw e/hi;
oes;
sy		ydan ni,ŷn niydych chi,dach chi,ydach chi,ych chiydyn nhw,ŷn nhw
imperfectaffirmativeroeddwn i,o’n iroeddet ti,o’t tiroedd e/o/hi,oedd e/o/hi,o’dd e/o/hiroedden ni,o’n niroeddech chi,o’ch chiroedden nhw,o’n nhw
negativedoeddwn i ddim,o’n i ddim,do’n i ddimdoeddet ti ddim,o’t ti ddim,do’t ti ddimdoedd e/o/hi ddim,oedd e/o/hi ddim,o’dd e/o/hi ddim,do’dd e/o/hi ddimdoedden ni ddim,o’n ni ddim,do’n ni ddimdoeddech chi ddim,o’ch chi ddim,do’ch chi ddimdoedden nhw ddim,o’n nhw ddim,do’n nhw ddim
interrogativeoeddwn i,o’n ioeddet ti,o’t tioedd e/o/hi,oedd e/o/hi,o’dd e/o/hioedden ni,o’n nioeddech chi,o’ch chioedden nhw,o’n nhw
preteritebues ibuest tibuodd e/o/hi;
bu		buon nibuoch chibuon nhw
futurebydda i,’dda ibyddi dibydd e/o/hibyddwn nibyddwch chibyddan nhw
conditionalbyddwn i;
baswn i,swn i		byddet ti;
baset ti,set ti		byddai fe/fo/hi;
basai fe/fo/hi,sa fo/hi,se fe/hi		bydden ni;
basen ni,sen ni		byddech chi;
basech chi,sech chi		bydden nhw;
basen nhw,sen nhw
counterfactual cond. forms
used after optionalpe		taswn i,bawn i,tawn itaset ti,baet ti,taet titasai fe/fo/hi,bai fe/fo/hi,tai fe/fo/hitasen ni,baen ni,taen nitasech chi,baech chi,taech chitasen nhw,baen nhw,taen nhw
imperative—bydd,bydda——byddwch—

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms ofbod
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
bodfodmodunchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^Morris Jones, John (1913)A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press,§ 219 ii 1
  2. ^R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “petawn”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Further reading

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bod”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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