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bishop

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Bishop

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishbischop,bishop,bisshop,biscop, fromOld Englishbisċop(“bishop”), fromProto-West Germanic*biskop, fromVulgar Latin(e)biscopus, from classicalLatinepiscopus(“overseer,supervisor”), fromAncient Greekἐπίσκοπος(epískopos,“overseer”), fromἐπί(epí,“over”) +σκοπός(skopós,“watcher”), used in Greek and Latin both generally and as a title of civil officers. Cognate with all European terms for the position in various Christian churches; comparebisp.

Alternative forms

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AStaunton bishop (chess)
DanishLutheran bishops (Christianity).

Noun

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bishop (pluralbishops)

  2. (Christianity) Anoverseer ofcongregations:either any such overseer,generallyspeaking, or (in Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Anglicanism, etc.) anofficial in thechurchhierarchy (actively ornominally)governing adiocese,supervising thechurch'spriests,deacons, andproperty in itsterritory.
    Hypernym:cleric
    • 1641, “Smectymnuus”, inVindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr.,§16. 208:
      King Jamesof blessed memory said,noBishop, no King: it was not he, but others that added,No Ceremony, noBishop.
    • 1715, William Hendley,A Defence of the Church of England, section 16:
      St. Ignatius... In his 'Epiſtle to theMagneſians,'he exhorts them to do all things in the love of God, telling them,theBiſhop preſides in the place of God...
    • 1845, J. Lingard,Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church, 3rd edition,I. iv. 146:
      These ministers were at first confined to the three orders ofbishops, priests, and deacons.
    • 1868, Joseph Barber Lightfoot,St. Paul's epistle to the Philippians, section 93:
      It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all shades of opinion, that in the language of theNew Testament the same officer in theChurch is called indifferently ‘bishop’ἐπίσκοπος and ‘elder’ or ‘presbyter’πρεσβύτερος.
    • 2013, Maureen Abbott,New Lights from Old Truths: Living the Signs of the Times‎[1], volume IV,Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana,→ISBN,→OCLC,page375:
      The Jubilee Mass had a special solemnity due to the presence of two exiled Chinesebishops—Thomas Cardinal Tien, Archbishop of Peking, andBishop Joseph Yuen, of Chu-ma-tien, Honan—as well as the recently namedbishop of Taichung, Formosa, Most Rev. William Kupfer, MM, who was in the United States to attend the Maryknoll General Chapter.
    1. (religion, nonstandard) Asimilarofficial orchiefpriest inanotherreligion.
      • 1586, Pierre de la Primaudaye, translated by Thomas Bowes,The French Academie,I. 633:
        TheCaliphaes of theSarasins were kings andchiefebishops in their religion.
      • 1615, William Bedwell,Arabian Trudgman in translatingMohammedis Imposturæ, sig. N4
        TheByshop of Egypt is called theSouldan.
      • 2001, José Carlos Valle Pérez, Jorge Rodrigues,El arte románico en Galicia y Portugal, page254:
        […] which explains the beheading of the MuslimBishop of Lisbon, soon after the Reconquista.
      • 2018, Merran Fraenkel,Tribe and Class in Monrovia, page139:
        The [holder of the office of] Imam [of Monrovia] is commonly referred to, both in conversation and in the press, as ‘the MuslimBishop’.
  3. (obsolete) The holder of theGreek orRomanposition ofepiscopus,supervisor over thepublicdole ofgrain, etc.
    • 1808,The Monthly Magazine and British Register,26 109:
      They gave awaycorn, not cash; andCicero was madebishop, or overseer, of this public victualling.
  4. (obsolete) Anywatchman,inspector, oroverlooker.
    • a.1627 (date written),Lancelot Andrewes, “Seven Sermons upon the Temptation of Christ in the Wilderness. Sermon IV.”, in J[ohn] P[osthumous] W[ilson], editor,Ninety-six Sermons […], volume V, Oxford, Oxfordshire:John Henry Parker, published1843,→OCLC,page516:
      There is no place we see privileged from temptations, no desert so solitary but the devil will seek it out; no pinnacle so high but the devil is abishop over it, to visit and overlook it.
  5. Achief of theFestival of Fools orSt. Nicholas Day.
  7. (chess) Thechess piecedenoted♗ or♝ whichmoves alongdiagonallines anddeveloped from theshatranjalfil ("elephant") and wasoriginallyknown as theaufil orarcher inEnglish.
    • 1562, Rowbotham inArchaeologia, XXIV. 203
      TheBishoppes some name Alphins, some fooles, and some name them Princes; other some call them Archers.
    • 1656, Gioachino Greco, “The royall game of chesse-play, being the study of Biochimo”, in Francis Beale, transl.,(Please provide the book title or journal name):
      ABishop or Archer, who is commonly figured with his head cloven.
  9. Any ofvariousAfricanbirds of thegenusEuplectes; akind ofweaverbirdcloselyrelated to thewidowbirds.
  10. (dialectal) Aladybug orladybird,beetles of the familyCoccinellidae.
    • 1875, William Douglas Parish,A Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect:
      ‘Bishop,Bishop-Barnabee,
      Tell me when my wedding shall be;
      If it beto-morrow day,
      Ope your wings and fly away.
  11. A flowering plant of the genusBifora.
  12. Asweetdrinkmade fromwine,usually withoranges,lemons, andsugar;mulled andspicedport.
    • ante 1745,Jonathan Swift,Women who cry Apples inWorks (1746), VIII. 192
      Well roasted, with Sugar and Wine in a Cup,
      They'll make a sweetBishop.
    • 1791, J. Boswell,Life of Johnson, anno 1752 I. 135
      A bowl of that liquor calledBishop, which Johnson had always liked.
    • 1801,Samuel Taylor Coleridge,Poems,II. 169:
      Spicybishop, drink divine.
  13. (US, archaic) Abustle.
    • c.1860, John Saxe,Progress:
      If, by herbishop, or her 'grace' alone,
      A genuine lady, or a church, is known.
  14. (UK, dialectal, archaic) Achildren'ssmock orpinafore.
Usage notes
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Generally speaking, Christian churches observe their highest positions—popes,patriarchs,archbishops, etc.—as specially-empowered bishops; thus thePope of theRoman Catholic Church is theBishop of Rome, while thePope of theCoptic Church is nominally bishop ofAlexandria though resident inCairo. In several denominations, thecharism of alaying on of hands is believed to introduce new bishops to an unbrokenapostolic succession initiated by theHoly Spirit (also called theHoly Ghost) atPentecost described in the 2nd chapter of theBook of Acts.

Traditionally, the rank of bishop has been restricted to men and many conservative denominations continue this practice. Even denominations permitting the marriage of priests (such as Eastern Orthodoxy) typically require completecelibacy from those promoted tobishophood: owing to traditional aversions to divorce, this usually restricts the rank to single men andwidowers. Catholic bishops are also priests; Eastern Orthodox bishops are usually (but not always) monks.

Synonyms
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Hyponyms
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church official, supervisor of priests and congregations
Holonyms
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Derived terms
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church official, supervisor of priests and congregations; included in place names
  • (African weaverbirds):
other terms with "bishop". Unsorted

Related terms
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Descendants
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Translations
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church official, supervisor of priests and congregations
chess piece
See also
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Chess pieces in English ·chess pieces,chessmen (see also:chess)(layout ·text)
♚♛♜♝♞♟
kingqueenrook,castlebishopknightpawn
forms of address, clothing, etc

Verb

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bishop (third-person singular simple presentbishops,present participlebishopingorbishopping,simple past and past participlebishopedorbishopped)

  1. (Christianity) Toact as a bishop, toperform theduties of a bishop, especially toconfirmanother'smembership in thechurch.
    • c. 1000,Thorpe's Laws, II. 348 (Bosw.)
      Sebisceop biþ gesett... tobisceopgenne cild.
    • c.1315,Shoreham, section 5:
      Wanne thebisschop,bisschopeththe
      Tokene ofmarke he set onthe.
    • 1622, W. Yonge,Diary, published1848, section 50:
      The Marquis of Buckingham and his wife were bothbishopped, or confirmed by the Bishop of London.
    • 1655, T. Fuller,Church-hist. Brit.,ix. 81:
      Harding and SaundersBishop it in England.
    • 1971,Keith Thomas,Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published2012, page35:
      Here too physical effects were vulgarly attributed to the ceremony… as evidenced by the case of the old Norfolk woman who claimed to have been ‘bishopped’ seven times, because she found it helped her rheumatism.
    1. (by extension, jocularly, obsolete) Toconfirm (in itsothersenses).
      • 1596, W. Warner,Albions Eng.,x. liv. 243:
        Why sent they it by Felton to bebishoped at Paules?
      • 1700,Boccaccio, “Cymon & Iphigenia”, inJohn Dryden, transl.,Fables, section 550:
        He... chose to bear The Name of Fool confirm'd, andBishop'd by the Fair.
  2. (Christianity) Tomake a bishop.
    • 1549, H. Latimer,2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie, 5th Serm. sig. Pviv
      Thyshathebene oftentymes...sene in preachers before they werebyshoppyd orbenificed.
    • 1861 November 23,Sat. Rev., 537
      There may be other... matters to occupy the thoughts of one about to bebishopped.
  3. (Christianity, rare) Toprovide with bishops.
    • 1865 December 6,Daily Telegraph, 5/3
      Italy would be wellbishoped if herepiscopacy... did not exceed fifty-nine.
  4. (UK, dialectal) Topermitfood (especiallymilk) toburn whilecooking (from bishops' role in theinquisition or as mentioned in the quotation below, of horses).
    • ante 1536, Tyndale,Works, 166 (T.)
      If theporage beburned to, or themeateouerrosted, we say the bishop hath put hisfoote in thepotte or the bishophath played thecooke, because the bishops burn who theylust and whosoeverdispleaseth them.
    • 1641,John Milton,Animadversions, section 9:
      It will be as bad as the Bishops foot in the broth.
    • 1738,Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat.,Jonathan Swift, section 10:
      The Cream isburnt to.
      Betty. Why, Madam, the Bishop has set his Foot in it.
    • 1863, E. C. Gaskell,Sylvia's Lovers,I. 64:
      Shecanna stomach it if it'sbishoppede'er so little.
    • 1875,Lanc. Gloss., section 40:
      Th' milk'sbishopped again!
  5. (by extension, of equestrianism) Tomake ahorseseemyounger,particularly bymanipulation of itsteeth.
    • 1727, R. Bradley,Family Dict. at "Horse"
      This way of making a Horse look young is... calledBishoping.
    • 1788,A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 2nd edition, Francis Grose:
      Bishopped, or Tobishop. A term amonghorſe dealers, for burning the mark into ahorſe's tooth, after he hasloſt it by age... It is a commonſaying of milk that isburnt to, that the biſhop has fet his foot in it. Formerly, when a biſhoppaſſed through a village, all the inhabitants ran out of theirhouſes toſolicit hisbleſſing, even leaving their milk,&c. on the fire, to take its chance; which, whenburnt to, wasſaid to bebiſhopped.
    • 1840, E. E. Napier,Scenes & Sports Foreign Lands,I. v. 138:
      I found his teeth had been filed down andbishoped with the greatest neatness and perfection.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Eponymous, from thesurnameBishop.

Verb

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bishop (third-person singular simple presentbishops,present participlebishopingorbishopping,simple past and past participlebishopedorbishopped)

  1. (UK, colloquial, obsolete) Tomurder bydrowning.
    • 1840, R.H. Barham,Some Account of a New Play inIngoldsby Legends 1st series, 308
      IBurked the papa, now I'llBishop the son.
    • 1870, Walter Thornbury,Old Stories Re-told:
      There were no moreBurking murders until 1831, when two men, named Bishop and Williams, drowned a poor [14-year-old] Italian boy in Bethnal Green, and sold his body to the surgeons.
    • 2002, Helen Smith,Grave-Robbers, Cut-throats, and Poisoners of London, section 66:
      John Bishop and another grave-robber called Thomas Williams had drowned the boy, a woman and another boy in a well in John Bishop's garden inBethnal Green... Bishop and Williams were hanged outsideNewgate Prison in December 1831 in front of an angry crowd of 30,000.

See also

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References

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  • Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "bishop,n.", "bishop,v.1", and "bishop,v.2". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1887.
  • Webster's New International Dictionary. "Bishop". 1913.
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