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binden

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Binden

Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchbinden, fromOld Dutch*bindan, fromProto-West Germanic*bindan, fromProto-Germanic*bindaną, fromProto-Indo-European*bʰendʰ-.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈbɪndə(n)/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation:bin‧den
Rhymes:-ɪndən

Verb

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binden

(transitive) totie
(transitive) towrap
(transitive) tobind (generally, legally/contractually)
(intransitive) tobind, tothicken (of food)

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofbinden (strong class 3a)
infinitive	binden
past singular	bond
past participle	gebonden
infinitive	binden
gerund	bindenn
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	bind	bond
2nd person sing. (jij)	bindt,bind²	bond
2nd person sing. (u)	bindt	bond
2nd person sing. (gij)	bindt	bondt
3rd person singular	bindt	bond
plural	binden	bonden

subjunctive sing.¹	binde	bonde
subjunctive plur.¹	binden	bonden

imperative sing.	bind
imperative plur.¹	bindt

participles	bindend	gebonden
¹⁾Archaic.²⁾ In case ofinversion.

Afrikaans:bind
Berbice Creole Dutch:bendi
Negerhollands:bind,bint,bin

German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanbinden, fromOld High Germanbintan, fromProto-West Germanic*bindan, fromProto-Germanic*bindaną, fromProto-Indo-European*bʰendʰ-. Cognate withLow Germanbinnen,binden,Dutchbinden,Englishbind,Danishbinde.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈbɪndən/,[ˈbɪn.dn̩],[-dən]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ɪndn̩

Verb

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binden (class 3strong,third-person singular presentbindet,past tenseband,past participlegebunden,past subjunctivebände,auxiliaryhaben)

(transitive) tobind, totie, to fasten something by means of a string etc.
Er hat den Hund an den Zaungebunden.
He'sbound the dog to the fence.
Aus den Zweigenbinde ich einen Kranz.
From the twigs I’llbind a wreath.
ein Buchbinden ―tobind a book
(transitive) totie, tofasten a string etc.
Ichbinde mir die Schuhe. ―I'mtying my shoes.
Sie hat sich einen Zopfgebunden.
She'stied her hair into a ponytail.
Er hat sich einen Schal um den Halsgebunden.
He'stied a scarf around his neck.
(transitive, often passive voice) tooblige,commit,bind
Mein Vertragbindet mich. ―My contractbinds me.
Ich bin vertraglichgebunden. ―I'mbound by a contract.
(reflexive) tocommit oneself, make acommitment(especially for marriage)
(transitive) to makecongeal,thicken,set,bond
(transitive, of substances) tocapture; toabsorb(carbon dioxide etc.)
(intransitive, of substances) tocongeal,thicken,set,bond
(phonetics, transitive) to makesandhi,crasis,liaison
Französische Substantive werden im Singular nichtgebunden.
There is no liaison with French singular nouns.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofbinden (class 3strong, auxiliaryhaben)

	singular	plural		singular	plural
infinitive		binden
present participle		bindend
past participle		gebunden
auxiliary		haben
	indicative			subjunctive
present	ichbinde	wirbinden	i	ichbinde	wirbinden
	dubindest	ihrbindet		dubindest	ihrbindet
	erbindet	siebinden		erbinde	siebinden

preterite	ichband	wirbanden	ii	ichbände¹	wirbänden¹
	dubandest dubandst	ihrbandet		dubändest¹	ihrbändet¹
	erband	siebanden		erbände¹	siebänden¹

imperative	bind (du) binde (du)	bindet (ihr)

¹Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative inwürde normally preferred.

Composed forms ofbinden (class 3strong, auxiliaryhaben)

perfect
	singular	plural		singular	plural
indicative	ichhabe gebunden	wirhaben gebunden	subjunctive	ichhabe gebunden	wirhaben gebunden
	duhast gebunden	ihrhabt gebunden		duhabest gebunden	ihrhabet gebunden
	erhat gebunden	siehaben gebunden		erhabe gebunden	siehaben gebunden
pluperfect
indicative	ichhatte gebunden	wirhatten gebunden	subjunctive	ichhätte gebunden	wirhätten gebunden
	duhattest gebunden	ihrhattet gebunden		duhättest gebunden	ihrhättet gebunden
	erhatte gebunden	siehatten gebunden		erhätte gebunden	siehätten gebunden
future i
infinitive	bindenwerden		subjunctive i	ichwerdebinden	wirwerdenbinden
				duwerdestbinden	ihrwerdetbinden
				erwerdebinden	siewerdenbinden

indicative	ichwerdebinden	wirwerdenbinden	subjunctive ii	ichwürdebinden	wirwürdenbinden
	duwirstbinden	ihrwerdetbinden		duwürdestbinden	ihrwürdetbinden
	erwirdbinden	siewerdenbinden		erwürdebinden	siewürdenbinden
future ii
infinitive	gebunden haben werden		subjunctive i	ichwerde gebunden haben	wirwerden gebunden haben
				duwerdest gebunden haben	ihrwerdet gebunden haben
				erwerde gebunden haben	siewerden gebunden haben

indicative	ichwerde gebunden haben	wirwerden gebunden haben	subjunctive ii	ichwürde gebunden haben	wirwürden gebunden haben
	duwirst gebunden haben	ihrwerdet gebunden haben		duwürdest gebunden haben	ihrwürdet gebunden haben
	erwird gebunden haben	siewerden gebunden haben		erwürde gebunden haben	siewürden gebunden haben

Derived terms

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Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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FromOld Dutch*bindan, fromProto-West Germanic*bindan, fromProto-Germanic*bindaną, fromProto-Indo-European*bʰendʰ-.

Verb

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binden

Tobind,tie.
Totie up.
Tobind (to an obligation).

Inflection

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Conjugation ofbinden (strong class 3)
		present	past	present	past
infinitive	base form	binden
	genitive	bindens
	dative	bindene

		indicative		subjunctive
1st person singular		binde	bant	binde	bonde
2nd person singular		bints,bindes	bonts,bondes	bints,bindes	bondes
3rd person singular		bint,bindet	bant	binde	bonde
1st person plural		binden	bonden	binden	bonden
2nd person plural		bint,bindet	bont,bondet	bint,bindet	bondet
3rd person plural		binden	bonden	binden	bonden

		imperative
singular		bint,binde
plural		bint,bindet

		present	past
participle		bindende	gebonden

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Dutch:binden
- Afrikaans:bind
- Berbice Creole Dutch:bendi
- Negerhollands:bind,bint,bin
Limburgish:binje

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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bynden

Etymology

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FromOld Englishbindan, fromProto-West Germanic*bindan, fromProto-Germanic*bindaną; equivalent tobynde +‎-en(infinitival suffix).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈbiːndən/,/ˈbindən/

Verb

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binden

Tobind,fasten; to make a knot or fastening.
Towrap; toenclose in wrapping.
Tosecure,strengthen; to make strong:
1. Totie up; to strengthen with a knot.
2. Toconnect orlink(especially by binding):
3. (figurative) Toremember; to keep one's mental connection secure.
4. (figurative) Tostrengthen or provide proof for an argument.
To take away one'sagency; toenthrall:
1. Torestrain a captive; tojail.
2. Toenslave,subordinate, orforce.
3. Toenrapture orcaptivate.
4. (rare) To take into apprenticeship or training.
To enter into a socially bindingobligation oragreement:
1. To enter into a maritalrelationship; tomarry.
2. (rare, Late Middle English) Tocopulate; to have sex.
Toforce orcompel(to perform an action):
1. Toobligate; to be forced by societal pressure.
2. To force (into) a socially bindingobligation oragreement.
3. Tomete out or proscribepenalties.
4. Tocombine; tojoin; to make one.
Todecorate oradorn; to add ornaments on.
Toevacuate; to induce constipation.
Tounify orjoin; to make one.
Toenclose orsurround; to fold as to completely conceal.
(rare) Tocohere; to enjoin with itself.
(rare, figurative) To end or finish; towrap up(for the sense, compare Modern Englishwrap up)

Usage notes

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This verb inherited a system of alternations between the past singular stem vowel (/ɔː/ or/a/ in Middle English) and the past plural and participle stem vowel (/uː/ in Middle English) from Old English and ultimately Proto-Germanic. In the later Middle English period, the vowel of the past plural tended to replace that of the singular, though occasionally the singular form was levelled to the plural instead. The Modern English past tensebound demonstrates the completion of this levelling.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofbinden (strong class 3)
	present tense	past tense
infinitive	(to)binden,binde

1st-person singular	binde	band
2nd-person singular	bindest	bounde,bonde,band
3rd-person singular	bindeth	band
subjunctive singular	binde	bounde¹,bonde¹
imperative singular	binde	—

plural²	binden,binde	bounden,bounde,bonden,bonde
imperative plural	bindeth,binde	—

participles	bindynge,bindende	bounden,bounde,ybounden,ybounde

¹ Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
² Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

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Descendants

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English:bind
Scots:bind

References

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“bī̆nden,v.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved2018-04-27.

Middle High German

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld High Germanbintan, fromProto-West Germanic*bindan, fromProto-Germanic*bindaną. Cognate withDutchbinden andEnglishbind.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE)/ˈbindən/

Verb

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binden (class 3strong,third-person singular presentbindet,past tensebant,past participlegebunden,past subjunctivebünde,auxiliaryhān)

tobind

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofbinden (class 3strong, auxiliaryhān)

	singular	plural		singular	plural
infinitive		binden
genitive gerund		bindennes bindenes
dative gerund		bindenne bindene
present participle		bindende
past participle		gebunden
auxiliary		hān
	indicative			subjunctive
present	ichbinde	wirbinden	i	ichbinde	wirbinden
	dubindest	irbindet		dubindest	irbindet
	ërbindet	siebindent		ërbinde	siebinden

preterite	ichbant	wirbunden	ii	ichbünde	wirbünden
	dubünde	irbundet		dubündest	irbündet
	ërbant	siebunden		ërbünde	siebünden

imperative	bint (du)	bindet (ir)

Composed forms ofbinden (class 3strong, auxiliaryhān)

perfect
	singular	plural		singular	plural
indicative	ichhān gebunden	wirhān gebunden	subjunctive	ichhabe gebunden	wirhaben gebunden
	duhāst gebunden	irhāt gebunden		duhabest gebunden	irhabet gebunden
	ërhāt gebunden	siehānt gebunden		ërhabe gebunden	siehaben gebunden
pluperfect
indicative	ichhabete gebunden	wirhabeten gebunden	subjunctive	ichhabete gebunden	wirhabeten gebunden
	duhabetest gebunden	irhabetet gebunden		duhabetest gebunden	irhabetet gebunden
	ërhabete gebunden	siehabeten gebunden		ërhabete gebunden	siehabeten gebunden
future i
infinitive	bindensüln		subjunctive i	ichsulbinden	wirsulnbinden
				dusulebinden	irsuletbinden
				ërsulbinden	siesulnbinden

indicative	ichsolbinden	wirsulenbinden	subjunctive ii	ichsöltebinden ichsöldebinden	wirsöltenbinden wirsöldenbinden
	dusoltbinden	irsuletbinden		dusöltestbinden dusöldestbinden	irsöltetbinden irsöldetbinden
	ërsolbinden	siesulenbinden		ërsöltebinden ërsöldebinden	siesöltenbinden siesöldenbinden
future ii
infinitive	gebunden hān süln		subjunctive i	ichsul gebunden hān	wirsuln gebunden hān
				dusule gebunden hān	irsulet gebunden hān
				ërsul gebunden hān	siesuln gebunden hān

indicative	ichsol gebunden hān	wirsulen gebunden hān	subjunctive ii	ichsölte gebunden hān ichsölde gebunden hān	wirsölten gebunden hān wirsölden gebunden hān
	dusolt gebunden hān	irsulet gebunden hān		dusöltest gebunden hān dusöldest gebunden hān	irsöltet gebunden hān irsöldet gebunden hān
	ërsol gebunden hān	siesulen gebunden hān		ërsölte gebunden hān ërsölde gebunden hān	siesölten gebunden hān siesölden gebunden hān

Descendants

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Bavarian:bindn
German:binden
Luxembourgish:bannen

References

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Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “binden”, inMittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Middle Low German

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Etymology

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FromOld Saxonbindan(“to bind”), fromProto-West Germanic*bindan, fromProto-Germanic*bindaną.

Pronunciation

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(originally)IPA^(key): /bɪndən/

Verb

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binden

Tobind.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofbinden as a class 3a strong verb

plaininfinitive	binden
fullinfinitive (gerund)	tô bindeneor tô bindende
verbal noun	bindenor bindent
participles			imperative
present	bindende		singular	bint
past	gebunden		plural	bindet

	indicative		subjunctive
	present	preterite	present	preterite
1st person singular	binde	bant	binde	bünde
2nd person singular	bindest or bintst	bundest or bündest	bindest	bündest
3rd person singular	bindet or bint	bant	bindet	bünde
plural	binden (bindet^?)	bunden or bünden	binden	bünden