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become

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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A compound of the sources ofbe- +‎come.FromMiddle Englishbecomen,bicumen, fromOld Englishbecuman(to come (to), approach, arrive, enter, meet with, fall in with; happen, befall; befit), fromProto-Germanic*bikwemaną(to come around, come about, come across, come by), equivalent tobe-(about, around) +‎come. Cognate withScotsbecum(to come, arrive, reach a destination),North Frisianbekommen,bykommen(to come by, obtain, receive),West Frisianbikomme(to come by, obtain, receive),Dutchbekomen(to come by, obtain, receive),Germanbekommen(to get, receive, obtain),Swedishbekomma(to receive, concern),Gothic𐌱𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽(biqiman,to come upon one, befall). Sense of "befit, suit" due to influence fromMiddle Englishcweme,icweme, seequeem. Displaced Old Englishweorþan.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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become (third-person singular simple presentbecomes,present participlebecoming,simple pastbecameor(dialectal)become,past participlebecomeor(dialectal)becameorbecomen)

  1. (copulative)begin tobe;turn into.[from 12th c.]
    Synonyms:get,grow,wax,turn,go
    Shebecame a doctor when she was 25.
    The weather willbecome cold after the sun goes down.
    The sense ‘state or process of bearing fruit’ hasbecome imposed onfruition as the 20c. proceeded.
    • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
      The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward shebecame her old self again; for, even after she had conquered her love for the Celebrity, the mortification of having been jilted by him remained.
    • 2012 May 13, Alistair Magowan, “Sunderland 0-1 Man Utd”, inBBC Sport:
      Then, as the Sunderland fans' cheers bellowed around the stadium, United's title bid was over when itbecame apparent City had pinched a last-gasp winner to seal their first title in 44 years.
    • 2013 May-June,William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, inAmerican Scientist, volume101, number 3, pages206–7:
      Earless ghost swift mothsbecome “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.
  2. (intransitive, archaic other than inbecome of) To come about;happen; come into being;arise.[from 12th c.]
    Whatbecame of him after he was let go?
    It hathbecomen so that many a man had to sterve.
    • 1906,Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany],Time and the Gods[1], London: William Heineman,→OCLC,page 3:
      And Time went forth into the worlds to obey the commands of the gods, yet he cast furtive glances at his masters, and the gods distrusted Time because he had known the worlds or ever the godsbecame.
  3. (transitive) To beproper for; tobeseem.[from 13th c.]
    It doesn’tbecome a true gentleman to speak in such a manner.
    • 1610–1611 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene ii]:
      Ay, lord, she willbecome thy bed, I warrant,
      And bring thee forth bravebrood.
    • 1892,Ambrose Bierce, “The Applicant,” inThe Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, Volume II: In the Midst of Life (Tales of Soldiers and Civilians), New York: Gordian Press, 1966,[2]
      He was hatted, booted, overcoated, and umbrellaed, asbecame a person who was about to expose himself to the night and the storm on an errand of charity []
    • 1930,Duff Cooper,Talleyrand, Folio Society, published2010, page 7:
      His ordination[]enabled him to be independent of his parents, and to afford a manner of living whichbecame his rank rather than his calling.
  4. (transitive) Of an adornment, piece of clothing etc.: to lookattractive on (someone).[from 14th c.]
    That dress reallybecomes you.
  5. (intransitive, obsolete) Toarrive,come (to a place).[9th–18th c.]

Usage notes

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  • In Early Modern English, the second-person informal singular indicative verb forms used withthou werebecomest in the present andbecamest in the past tenses. Similarly,becometh was used as a third-person singular indicative present form.
  • Also in Early Modern English,become (and certain other intransitive verbs, such ascome andgo) used the auxiliarybe rather thanhave for perfect aspect constructions. In current usage,have is standard, though it is still occasionally used poetically.
    1965,The Decision to Drop the Bomb[3] (documentary), spoken byJ. Robert Oppenheimer, translation of original in Sanskrit:
    I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, theBhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, "Now Iam become Death, the destroyer of worlds." I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.
    [original:कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो]
    kāloʼsmi lokakṣayakṛtpravṛddho

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofbecome
infinitive(to)become
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularbecomebecame,become1,becomed
2nd-personsingularbecome,becomestbecame,become1,becamest,becamedst,becomed
3rd-personsingularbecomes,becomethbecame,become1,becomed
pluralbecome
subjunctivebecomebecame,become1,becomed
imperativebecome
participlesbecomingbecome,became1,becomen1,becomed

Archaic orobsolete. 1 Dialectal.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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to begin to be
to look attractive on, be suitable forsee alsobecoming

References

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