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alone

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishallone, from earlieralloon(alone, literallyall one), contracted from theOld English phraseeallān(completely alone), equivalent toal-(all) +‎one. Cognate withScotsalane(alone),Saterland Frisianalleene(alone),West Frisianallinne(alone),Dutchalleen(alone),Low Germanalleen(alone),Germanallein(alone),Danishalene(alone),Swedishallena(alone). More atall andone. Regarding the different phonological development ofalone andone, see the note inone.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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alone (notcomparable)(predicative only)

  1. By oneself,solitary.
    I can't ask for help because I amalone.
  2. (predicatively, chiefly in the negative) Lackingpeers who share one's beliefs, experiences, practices, etc.
    Senator Craddock wants to abolish the estate tax, and she's notalone.
    I always organize my Halloween candy before eating it. Am Ialone in this?
    • 2013 August 23,Ian Traynor, “Rise of Europe's new autocrats”, inThe Guardian Weekly, volume189, number11, page 1:
      Hungary's leader is notalone in eastern and southern Europe, where democratically elected populist strongmen increasingly dominate, deploying the power of the state and a battery of instruments of intimidation to crush dissent, demonise opposition, tame the media and tailor the system to their ends.
    • 2021 September 8, Ekua Hagan, “5 Ways to Restore Our Hope”, inPsychology Today:
      If you’ve been feeling overwhelmed by it all, you’re notalone.
  3. (obsolete) Apart from, or exclusive of, others.
    • 1662, Jacques Olivier, translated by Richard Banke,A Discourse of Women, Shewing Their Imperfections Alphabetically,→OCLC,page18:
      There are proofs enough in History, and first that beautifulHynes, so much beloved byCharles the seventh King ofFrance, who valued thealone possession of her Love at so high a rate, that[]
    • 1692,Richard Bentley,[A Confutation of Atheism](please specify the sermon), London:[Thomas Parkhurst; Henry Mortlock], published1692–1693:
      God,[] by whosealone power and conversation we all live, and move, and have our being.
  4. (obsolete)Mere; consisting of nothing further.
    • 1676,Robert Barclay,An Apology for the True Christian Divinity [] [1]:
      and therefore all Killing, Banishing, Fining, Imprisoning, and other such things, which Men are afflicted with, for thealone exercise of their Conscience, or difference in Worship or Opinion, proceedeth from the spirit ofCain, the Murderer, and is contrary to the Truth;
  5. (obsolete)Unique;rare;matchless.

Derived terms

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Translations

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by oneself
unique

Adverb

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alone (notcomparable)

  1. By oneself; apart from, or exclusive of, others;solo.
    Synonyms:by one's lonesome,solitarily,solo;see alsoThesaurus:solitarily
    She walked homealone.
  2. Without outside help.
    Synonyms:by oneself,by one's lonesome,singlehandedly;see alsoThesaurus:by oneself
    The job was too hard for me to doalone.
  3. Focus adverb, typically modifying a noun and occurring immediately after it.
    1. Not permitting anything further;exclusively.
      Synonyms:entirely,solely;see alsoThesaurus:solely
      The presidentalone has the power to initiate a nuclear launch.
    2. Not requiring anything further;merely.
      Oral antibioticsalone won't clear the infection.
      • 1871,John Stuart Mill,Principles of Political Economy[3]:
        Except on matters of mere detail, there are perhaps no practical questions, even among those which approach nearest to the character of purely economical questions, which admit of being decided on economical premisesalone.
      • 1903, Arthur M. Winfield,The Rover Boys on Land and Sea[4]:
        In writing this tale I had in mind notalone to please my young readers, but also to give them a fair picture of life on the ocean as it is to-day,
    3. (by extension)Used to emphasize the size or extent of something by selecting a subset.
      Her wardrobe is huge. She has three racks for blazersalone.
      The first sentencealone sold me on the book.
      • 1897,The Romance of Isabel, Lady Burton[5]:
        In the first place, though Lady Burton published comparatively little, she was a voluminous writer, and she left behind her such a mass of letters and manuscripts that the sorting of themalone was a formidable task.
      • 1910,Emerson Hough, chapter I, inThe Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
        “[…] it is not fair of you to bring against mankind double weapons ! Dangerous enough you are as womanalone, without bringing to your aid those gifts of mind suited to problems which men have been accustomed to arrogate to themselves.”
      • 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, inThe Economist[6], volume407, number8837, page74:
        In Americaalone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result.

Usage notes

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  • Unlike most focusing adverbs,alone typically appears after a noun phrase.
    Only the teacher knew vs.The teacheralone knew
  • Like "by themselves", the adverb "alone" may be used with a plural subject, and can have either a collective sense (where the verb and adverb apply to the plural noun phrase as one conceptual whole) or a distributive sense (where the verb and adverb apply separately to each individual referred to by the noun phrase) in this context.
    After the children finished playing together, they playedalone with their toys.(distributive: each child is playing alone as an individual)
    The representatives presented a united front in the meeting, but when they werealone, they argued about what to do.(collective: the group, made up of representatives, is alone, but each representative is not alone as an individual)

Derived terms

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Translations

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by oneself
without outside help
only
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  • alone”, inOneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

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Italian

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Etymology

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FromLatinhalōs, fromAncient Greekἅλως(hálōs); given an n-stem ending as if the Latin term were*halō, accusative*halōnem. Cognate withSicilianaluni.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /aˈlo.ne/
  • Rhymes:-one
  • Hyphenation:a‧ló‧ne

Noun

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alone m (pluralaloni)

  1. halo
  2. glow

Anagrams

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