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adágathar

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Old Irish

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FWOTD – 13 May 2017

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Fromad- +Proto-Celtic*āgītor, originally a perfect-only verb*āgetor(to have become afraid) and later adapted to the weak conjugation (class A II). FromProto-Indo-European*h₂eh₂ógʰe(to be upset, afraid), from*h₂egʰ-.[1] CompareGothic𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃(agis),𐍉𐌲𐌰𐌽(ōgan);Old Englisheġe;Ancient Greekἄχος(ákhos,pain, grief),ἄχνυμαι(ákhnumai,I grieve).

Forms with unpalatalized-ág- throughout the paradigm are regular, despite this verb being an A II verb. This is because the vowelá in the stem regularly suppressed word-internal non-syncope palatalization of a following consonant. The fact that this is an i-stem (A II) verb is revealed by the palatalization in thes-preterite forms. Forms with-áig- in the present indicative were palatalized analogically.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/aðˈaːɣaθar/,/aðˈaːɣaðar/

Verb

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ad·ágathar (prototonic·ágathar,verbal nounáigthiuoráigsiu)

  1. tofear, todread, to stand inawe of

Conjugation

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Complex, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a and s subjunctive, deponent
activepassive
singularpluralsingularplural
1st2nd3rd1st2nd3rd
present indicativedeut.ad·águrad·ágathar,ad·ágadar,ad·áigetharad·ágammarad·áigetarad·áigther
prot.·águr,·ágor·ágathar,·áigethar,·ágether·ágammar·ágetar,·áigetar·áigther·áigter
imperfect indicativedeut.ad·ágain,ad·ágainn
prot.·ágainn·áigtis
preteritedeut.ad·ágastar,ad·áigestar,ad·áigad·áigsem
prot.·ágastar,·áigestar,·áig·áigset,·áigsetar
perfectdeut.ad·ráigestarad·ráigsemmarad·ráigset,ad·ráigsetar,ad·ráichsetar
prot.·ráigestar·ráigsemmar·ráigset,·ráigsetar
futuredeut.ad·áichferad·áichfethar,ad·áichfedar
prot.·áichfer·áichfethar·áichfetar
conditionaldeut.
prot.·áichfimis
present subjunctivedeut.ad·áigther
prot.·áigther,·áigder,·áigither;·ágais·ágathar·áigset
past subjunctivedeut.ad·ágainn
prot.·ágainn;·áigsinn,·ágsainn·ágsad·áigthe
imperativeáigthe,áigágam,ágamarágatar
verbal nounáigthiu,áigsiu
past participle
verbal of necessity

Related terms

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Mutation

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Mutation ofadágathar
radicallenitionnasalization
ad·ágathar
(pronounced with/h/ inh-prothesis environments)
unchangedad·n-ágathar

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*āg-/*āg-”, inDie keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft;110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck,→ISBN, page206

Further reading

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