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An expression ofannoyance.
- 1958,Anthony Burgess,The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published1972:
  "Ach." Auntie frowned hugely. "That is all nonsense."
An expression ofwoe orregret.
Alternative form ofoch.

Usage notes

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Used inScottish English.

Anagrams

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-cha,CAH,CHA,Cha,HAC,HCA,cah,cha

Central Franconian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanahte, fromOld High Germanahto, fromProto-West Germanic*ahtō, fromProto-Germanic*ahtōu, fromProto-Indo-European*oḱtṓw.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɑx/

Numeral

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ach

(Limburgan Ripuarian)eight(numerical value represented by the Arabic numeral 8; ordescribing a set with eight elements)

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Chuukese

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Determiner

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ach

First-person plural inclusive general possessive;our (inclusive)

Related terms

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Chuukese possessive determiners
		small objects, concepts	large objects, living things	suffix
singular	first person	ai	nei	-ei
	second person	omw,om	noum	-om
	third person	an	noun	-an
plural	first person	äm (exclusive) ach (inclusive)	nöu̇m (exclusive) nöüch (inclusive)	-em (exclusive) -ach (inclusive)
	second person	ämi,ami	noumi	-emi
	third person	ar	nour	-er

Cimbrian

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Alternative forms

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òich(pluralyou only)

Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

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ach

(Sette Comuni)accusative ofiart:you(plural; polite singular)

Cimbrian personal pronouns
	nominative	accusative	dative
1st person singular	ich	mich	miar
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich	diar
polite	iart	ach	òich
3rd person singular	m	èar,ar	in,en	iime
f	zi,ze	iar
n	es,is	es,'s	iime
1st person plural	bar, bandare	zich	izàndarn
2nd person plural	iart, iartàndare,artàndare	òich,ach	ogàndarn
3rd person plural	ze,zòi, zandare	zich	innàndarn

References

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“ach” inMartalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974),Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchach. CompareOld Saxonah,Old Dutchah.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɑx/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation:ach
Rhymes:-ɑx

Interjection

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ach

oh(expression of compassion, surprise and dismay)

Descendants

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Afrikaans:ag
→ Papiamentu:ag
→ Peranakan Indonesian:ach
- >? Indonesian:ah

References

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van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “ach”, inEtymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Esperanto

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Interjection

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ach

H-system spelling ofaĉ

German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanach, fromOld High Germanah.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ax/
Audio(Germany (Berlin)): (file)
Rhymes:-ax

Interjection

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ach

oh,alas(expressing surprise, sorrow, or understanding)
- 1808,Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Vor dem Thor”, inFaust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One]‎^[1]; republished as Bayard Taylor, transl.,1870:
  Zwey Seelen wohnen,ach! in meiner Brust, / Die eine will sich von der andern trennen;
  Two souls,alas! reside within my breast, / And each withdraws from, and repels, its brother.
oh(preceding an offhand or annoyed remark)
oh(preceding an invocation or address, but rarely a solemn one)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Danish:ah
- Norwegian Bokmål:ah,a
Yiddish:אַך(akh)

Irish

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Pronunciation

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(Munster, Aran)IPA^(key): /ɑx/^[1]^[2]
(Cois Fharraige)IPA^(key): /ax/,[aːx]^[3]
(Mayo)IPA^(key): /ax/^[4]
(Ulster)IPA^(key): /ax/^[5],/ah/^[6]
Homophone:each

Etymology 1

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FromOld Irishacht(“but, except”),^[7] fromProto-Celtic*extos, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs.

Alternative forms

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acht(obsolete)

Conjunction

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ach

Preposition

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ach (plus nominative,triggers no mutation)

except,but

Derived terms

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ach oiread(“as well”)(after a negative)

Adverb

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ach

but,only,merely

Etymology 2

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Onomatopoeic.

Alternative forms

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ách

Interjection

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ach!

ah!och!ugh!

References

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^Ó Cuív, Brian (1968),The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies,→ISBN, section 69, page18; reprinted1988
^Finck, F. N. (1899),Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page6
^de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977),Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath[Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], page296
^Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968),The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page68, line41
^Wagner, Heinrich (1959),Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath[Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 538.11, page206; reprinted1979
^Lucas, Leslie W. (1979),Grammar of Ros Goill Irish Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 5), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast, page225
^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “acht”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Kashubian

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Etymology

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Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic*axъ

Kashubianach

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*axъ.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈax/
Rhymes:-ax
Syllabification:ach

Interjection

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ach

ah!expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromOld Polishach.

Interjection

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ach(archaic)

o(used to address someone or a group)

Middle Low German

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɑx/,[ax],[ɑχ]

Interjection

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ach

oh(an expression of grievance or displeasure)

North Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisianachta. CompareWest Frisianacht.

Numeral

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ach

(Heligoland)eight

Old Polish

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Etymology

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Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic*axъ

Old Polishach

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*axъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE)/ax/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE)/ax/

Interjection

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ach

(attested in Silesia)ah!expresses surprise
- 1915 [End of the 15th century], Jan Łoś, editor,Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543‎^[3], page315:
  Ach boze moy, pomozy my
  [Ach Boże moj, pomoży mi]
- 1915 [Middle of the 15th century], Jan Łoś, editor,Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543‎^[4], page514:
  Ach nyestocze proch dolor
  [Ach niestocie proch dolor]
- 1885-2024 [End of the 15th century], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors,Prace Filologiczne‎^[5], volume III,Wrocław, page289:
  Ach gelacze heu
  [Ach jełacie heu]
- Middle of the 15th century,Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[6], page56:
  Takoż płakał rzekąc:Ach mnie nędznemu
  [Takoż płakał rzekąc:Ach mnie nędznemu]

Descendants

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Polish:ach
Silesian:ach
→ Lithuanian:ach

References

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Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “ach”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “ach”, inJan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors,Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ach”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

Peranakan Indonesian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromDutchach(“oh”).

Interjection

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ach

oh,expresses compassion, surprise and dismay
Ach, ia laen tida minta doeit.^[1] ―(please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

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>? Indonesian:ah

References

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^Kwee Hing Tjiat (1921),Doea Kapala Batoe [Two Hardheaded (Persons)] (in Peranakan Indonesian), Nauer & Dimmick, page10

Polish

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Etymology

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Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic*axъ

Old Polishach

Polishach

Inherited fromOld Polishach.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈax/

(Middle Polish)IPA^(key): /ax/,/ɒx/
(Masovia):
- (Ostróda)IPA^(key): /ˈax/
- (Warmia)IPA^(key): /ˈax/
- (Masuria)IPA^(key): /ˈax/

Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Rhymes:-ax
Syllabification:ach

Interjection

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ach

ah!expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding
Synonyms:och,ojej,ależ

Derived terms

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adjective

ach i och

interjections

(Middle Polish)achcie
(Middle Polish)achcież

noun

achy i ochy

verbs

achać impf,achnąć pf

Scots

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Etymology

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In imitation of a cry.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɑx/

Interjection

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ach

Anexclamation ofimpatience,disappointment,contempt,remonstrance.
expression ofsatisfaction orpleasure.

References

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“ach,int.”, inThe Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh:Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present,→OCLC.

Scottish Gaelic

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ax/
(Skye)IPA^(key): /ɔx/^[1]

Etymology 1

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FromOld Irishacht(“but, except”),^[2] fromProto-Celtic*extos, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs-tos.

Conjunction

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ach

but
Thèid miseach cha tèid thusa. ―I'll gobut you won't [go].
except,only
Cha robh annach trì daoine. ―There wereonly three people (literally "there was not there but/except for three people").

Etymology 2

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Shortened form offeuch.

Conjunction

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ach

so that
Dh'aontaich each am biodh adhartas air choireigin ann. ―He agreedso that there would be some progress.

References

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^Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1941), “The dialects of Skye and Ross-shire”, inA linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, volume II, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “acht”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Silesian

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Etymology

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Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic*axъ

Old Polishach

Silesianach

Inherited fromOld Polishach.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈax/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ax
Syllabification:ach

Interjection

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ach

ah!expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

Slovincian

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Etymology

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Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic*axъ

Slovincianach

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*axъ.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈax/
Rhymes:-ax
Syllabification:ach

Interjection

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ach

ah!expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding

Temascaltepec Nahuatl

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Adverb

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ach

maybe

Welsh

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Celtic*akkā, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂ekkeh₂ (compareLatinAcca (Larentia), a Roman goddess, Ancient GreekἈκκώ(Akkṓ,“nurse of Demeter”), Sanskritअक्का(akkā,“mother”)).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /aːχ/
Rhymes:-aːχ

Noun

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ach f (pluralachauorachoedd)

Derived terms

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achres(“genealogical table”)
achydd(“genealogist”)
achyddiaeth(“genealogy”)
achyddol(“genealogical”)
ers achau(“for ages”)

Etymology 2

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Alternative forms

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och,ych

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /aχ/

Interjection

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ach

yuck

Derived terms

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ach-y-fi

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofach
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
ach	unchanged	unchanged	hach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ach”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ach&oldid=88187384"

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Movatterモバイル変換

Translingual

Etymology

Symbol

See also

English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Interjection

Usage notes

Anagrams

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Numeral

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Chuukese

Determiner

Related terms

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronoun

See also

References

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Interjection

Descendants

References

Esperanto

Interjection

German

Etymology

Pronunciation

Interjection

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Conjunction

Preposition

Derived terms

Adverb

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Interjection

References

Further reading

Kashubian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Interjection

Further reading

Lithuanian

Etymology

Interjection

Further reading

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

Interjection

North Frisian

Etymology

Numeral

Old Polish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Interjection