Inherited fromMiddle Englishacuser,accusour, borrowed fromOld Frenchaccusour, fromLatinaccūsātor, fromaccūsāre. Equivalent toaccuse +-er.Doublet ofaccusator.
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accuser (pluralaccusers)
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Inherited fromMiddle Frenchaccuser, fromOld Frenchacuser,accuser, borrowed fromLatinaccūsāre.
accuser
| infinitive | simple | accuser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle orgerund1 | simple | accusant /a.ky.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | accusé /a.ky.ze/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | accuse /a.kyz/ | accuses /a.kyz/ | accuse /a.kyz/ | accusons /a.ky.zɔ̃/ | accusez /a.ky.ze/ | accusent /a.kyz/ |
| imperfect | accusais /a.ky.zɛ/ | accusais /a.ky.zɛ/ | accusait /a.ky.zɛ/ | accusions /a.ky.zjɔ̃/ | accusiez /a.ky.zje/ | accusaient /a.ky.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | accusai /a.ky.ze/ | accusas /a.ky.za/ | accusa /a.ky.za/ | accusâmes /a.ky.zam/ | accusâtes /a.ky.zat/ | accusèrent /a.ky.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | accuserai /a.kyz.ʁe/ | accuseras /a.kyz.ʁa/ | accusera /a.kyz.ʁa/ | accuserons /a.kyz.ʁɔ̃/ | accuserez /a.kyz.ʁe/ | accuseront /a.kyz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | accuserais /a.kyz.ʁɛ/ | accuserais /a.kyz.ʁɛ/ | accuserait /a.kyz.ʁɛ/ | accuserions /a.ky.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ | accuseriez /a.ky.zə.ʁje/ | accuseraient /a.kyz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | accuse /a.kyz/ | accuses /a.kyz/ | accuse /a.kyz/ | accusions /a.ky.zjɔ̃/ | accusiez /a.ky.zje/ | accusent /a.kyz/ |
| imperfect2 | accusasse /a.ky.zas/ | accusasses /a.ky.zas/ | accusât /a.ky.za/ | accusassions /a.ky.za.sjɔ̃/ | accusassiez /a.ky.za.sje/ | accusassent /a.ky.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | accuse /a.kyz/ | — | accusons /a.ky.zɔ̃/ | accusez /a.ky.ze/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81). | |||||||
accūser
FromOld Frenchacuser,accuser, borrowed fromLatinaccuso, accusare.
accuser
| infinitive | simple | accuser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 orgerund2 | simple | accusant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | accusé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | accuse | accuses | accuse | accusons | accusez | accusent |
| imperfect | accusois,accusoys | accusois,accusoys | accusoit,accusoyt | accusions,accusyons | accusiez,accusyez | accusoient,accusoyent | |
| past historic | accusa | accusas | accusa | accusasmes | accusastes | accuserent | |
| future | accuserai,accuseray | accuseras | accusera | accuserons | accuserez | accuseront | |
| conditional | accuserois,accuseroys | accuserois,accuseroys | accuseroit,accuseroyt | accuserions,accuseryons | accuseriez,accuseryez | accuseroient,accuseroyent | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | accuse | accuses | accuse | accusons | accusez | accusent |
| imperfect | accusasse | accusasses | accusast | accusassions | accusassiez | accusassent | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | accuse | — | accusons | accusez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995],Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p.179). TheFrench Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with prepositionen, as inModern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995],op. cit., p.180). | |||||||
