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abandon

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Abandonanda bandon

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Verb

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abandon (third-person singular simple presentabandons,present participleabandoning,simple past and past participleabandoned)

  1. (transitive) Togive up orrelinquish control of, tosurrender or to give oneself over, or toyield to one's emotions.[First attested from around (1350 to 1470)][1]
    • 1856, Thomas Babington Macaulay,The History of England from the Accession of James II. Volume 3, page312:
      […] heabandoned himself[…] to his favourite vice.
  2. (transitive) Todesist in doing, practicing,following, holding, oradhering to; to turn away from; to permit tolapse; torenounce; todiscontinue.[First attested from around (1350 to 1470)][1]
    • 2013 May 17,George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, inThe Guardian Weekly‎[2], volume188, number23, page19:
      In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured.[…]  The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control areabandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.
  3. (transitive) To leave behind; todesert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; toforsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility.[First attested in the late 15th century.][1]
    Many baby girls have beenabandoned on the streets of Beijing.
    Sheabandoned her husband for a new man.
  4. (transitive, obsolete) Tosubdue; totake control of.[Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 16th century.][1]
  5. (transitive, obsolete) Tocast out; tobanish; toexpel; toreject.[Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.][1]
  6. (transitive) To no longerexercise aright,title, orinterest, especially with no interest of reclaiming it again; toyield; torelinquish.[First attested in the mid 18th century.][1]
    I herebyabandon my position as manager.
  7. (transitive) To surrender to theinsurer (an insured item), so as to claim atotal loss.
Conjugation
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Conjugation ofabandon
infinitive(to)abandon
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularabandonabandoned
2nd-personsingularabandon,abandonest†abandoned,abandonedst†
3rd-personsingularabandons,abandoneth†abandoned
pluralabandon
subjunctiveabandonabandoned
imperativeabandon—
participlesabandoningabandoned
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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to subdue; to take control of
to give up control of, surrender
to desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to
to leave behind or desert; to forsake
to cast out, expel, reject
to no longer exercise a right, relinquish a claim to property
to surrender to the insurer
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishabandoun, fromOld Frenchabandon, fromOld Frenchabondonner.

Noun

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abandon (countable anduncountable,pluralabandons)

  1. A yielding to naturalimpulses orinhibitions;freedom fromartificialconstraint, with loss of appreciation of consequences.[Early 19th century.][1][3](Now especially in the phrasewith abandon.)
    Synonyms:wantonness,unrestraint,libertinism,abandonment,profligacy,unconstraint
    with gayabandon, with wildabandon
    • 1846,The New Monthly Magazine and Universal Register, page453:
      The Italian painters have anabandon in theirchiar' oscuro which mellows up their flesh tints in a way that no other school can imitate : the frigidity of their outline is another remarkable feature, and the harmony of theirimpasto is unique.
    • 1954,Gore Vidal,Messiah:
      I envy those chroniclers who assert with reckless but sincereabandon: 'I was there. I saw it happen. It happened thus.'
    • 2007 November 4, David M. Halbfinger, “The City That Never Sleeps, Comatose”, inThe New York Times‎[4]:
      They needed to have anabandon in their performance that you just can’t get out of people in the middle of the night when they’re barefoot.
  2. (obsolete)Abandonment;relinquishment.
Derived terms
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Translations
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a giving up to natural impulses
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. ↑1.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.7Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abandon”, inThe Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.:Oxford University Press,→ISBN, page 2.
  2. ^Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “abandon”, inThe Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing,→ISBN, page 1.
  3. ^Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors),Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998],→ISBN), page 2.

French

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Etymology

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FromOld French(mettre)abandon(“to deliver”, literally“to place in someone's power”). Gamillscheg suggests a derivation fromOld Frenchabandonner, but theTrésor de la langue française considers this unlikely, as the phrase is not attested.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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abandon m (pluralabandons)

  1. surrender;desertion;withdrawal
    abandon scolaire ―the action ofdropping out of school
    abandon de poste ―desertion of one's post
  2. abandonment,abandoning
    faire l’abandon de quelque chose ―togive somethingup
    tour d’abandon ―foundling wheel
  3. state ofneglect
    êtreà l’abandon ―to be in a state of complete neglect
    laisserà l’abandon ―to abandon; to allo to fall into decay;
  4. (literary)abandon,unrestraint(yielding to natural impulses or inhibitions; freedom from artificial constraint)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Friulian

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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abandon m (pluralabandons)

  1. abandonment

References

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Frenchabandon.

Adverb

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abandon(not comparable)

  1. Freely; entirely.
    • 1330,Arthour and Merlin:
      His ribbes and scholder fel adoun / Men might se the liverabandoun.
      His ribs and shoulder fell down / Men might see the liverentirely.

References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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FromFrenchabandon(“surrender, abandonment”), fromOld Frenchmettre a bandon(“to deliver, place at someone's disposition”), last part fromFrankish*ban,*bann, fromProto-Germanic*bannaną(“to proclaim, command, summon, ban”), fromProto-Indo-European*bʰeh₂-(“to speak, say”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /abaŋˈdɔŋ/,/abanˈdɔŋ/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes:-ɔŋ
  • Hyphenation:a‧ban‧don

Noun

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abandon m (definite singularabandonen,indefinite pluralabandoner,definite pluralabandonene)

  1. (law) theright to, undercertain circumstances, waiveownership of aninsured ship or cargo to the insurer and claimcompensation for total loss
  2. (obsolete)indifference
    • 1917, Ludvig Daae,Paul Botten Hansen, page64:
      [Botten Hansen] skrev med saa stor abandon, at mere end een troskyldig læser indigneredes paa hans vegne
      [Botten Hansen] wrote with such great abandon that more than one innocent reader was indignant on his behalf
    • 1992,Olaf Bull,Ild og skygger, page101:
      den evige varme pludringen hos denne damen, med intelligente smaa «abandoner» i tanken, denne uendelige «bjerg- og dalbane» i tanken
      the eternal hot chatter of this lady, with intelligent little "abandons" in the tank, this endless "roller coaster" in the tank

Derived terms

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References

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Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchabandon.[1][2] First attested in 1830.[3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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abandon m inan

  1. (law, nautical) legalwaiving ofrights to one's ship that has losttradevalue(Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)
    zgłoszenieabandonu ―registration ofabandonment of one's ship

Declension

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Declension ofabandon
singular
nominativeabandon
genitiveabandonu
dativeabandonowi
accusativeabandon
instrumentalabandonem
locativeabandonie
vocativeabandonie

Related terms

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noun

References

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  1. ^Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “abandon”, inWielki słownik wyrazów obcych,→ISBN
  2. ^Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “abandon”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa:PWN
  3. ^Tygodnik Petersburski‎[1], numbercz.2, nr 31,1830, page252

Further reading

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  • abandon in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • abandon in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Romanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchabandon.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /abanˈdon/
  • Rhymes:-on
  • Hyphenation:a‧ban‧dón

Noun

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abandon n (pluralabandonuri)

  1. abandonment
  2. renouncement

Declension

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Declension ofabandon
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativeabandonabandonulabandonuriabandonurile
genitive-dativeabandonabandonuluiabandonuriabandonurilor
vocativeabandonuleabandonurilor

Related terms

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