Latest comment:18 years ago2 comments2 people in discussion
I wonder if we should make an idiom entry for "in a long time"? It seems like one would have to stretch the existing senses of "in" pretty far before they logically realized the meaning which "in" realizes in "in a long time". As in: "I haven't seen you in a long time". (Signed Language Lover)— Thisunsigned comment was added byLanguage Lover (talk •contribs) at23:52, 7 March 2007 (UTC).Reply
Addition of other collocations that are in wiktionary but not in the lists.
Excluding apparent cases of attributive use of noun.
Checking the nouns to make sure that we have the appropriate senses thereof.
Classifying the nouns along multiple dimensions relevant to "in".
Comparing presentations of "in" in dictionaries and other linguistic resources.
Matching senses of "in" against classes of nouns.
Making a reasonable set of not-too-much-overlapping definitions of in.
Proposing elimination of any non-idiomatic prepositional phrases that have no other merit.
Adding entries for any missing idioms involving the collocations.
IOW, this is a way of making many types of improvements in wiktionary entries based on the use of the vast collocation databases available. Apart from the formatting I do not know how this could be automated, but would welcome any suggestions in that regard or in any other regard including the wisdom of the undertaking.DCDuringTALK21:57, 27 June 2009 (UTC)Reply
Latest comment:17 years ago3 comments3 people in discussion
From RfC
A well-meaning, but misguided translator has destroyed this entry, splitting into separate senses things that aren't separate senses in English. --Connel MacKenzie07:58, 5 January 2008 (UTC)Reply
The entry looks like it could usemore separate senses for the preposition, not fewer. MW3 has 5 main senses (not all of them in our entry ("in" as in "in the key of" is missing) and 18 subsenses. I'm fairly sure that we don't have a lot of the more figurative sub-senses.DCDuring01:58, 16 January 2008 (UTC)Reply
Latest comment:12 years ago2 comments2 people in discussion
The preposition "in" has another meaning in English that I can't seem to find listed here, indicating a logical/grammatical relationship between two nouns, specifically, that the latter is an example or instance of the former. I have two citations, and I came looking looking for more, but found none. Here are the two citations that I have:
You've Got a Friend in Me, the song from the movieToy Story.
A news headline,Has Iron Man met his match in Ben Kingsley? (which talks about a studio having cast an actor to fill the previously-vacant role of villain in an upcoming movie).
Latest comment:12 years ago1 comment1 person in discussion
am I wrong or the preposition list of meanings lack the most important that is locative like f.e. "My relatives live IN New York" or "I live IN England". ?— Thisunsigned comment was added by82.51.164.218 (talk) at01:06, 13 October 2012 (UTC).Reply
Latest comment:11 years ago2 comments2 people in discussion
Which of the given senses would be "in" in a phrase such as:a behaviour found in many children? You don't find the behaviourin them, right? It rather means something like "among" or "by". Is this sense already covered?— Thisunsigned comment was added by93.206.144.135 (talk) at05:02, 23 March 2014 (UTC).Reply
You can find a behaviour in a single child, so "among" isn't right. I would say it's sense 3 (part of; a member of) and/or sense 15 (within). A behaviour is "in" a person in the same way that thoughts and dreams are.Equinox◑05:08, 23 March 2014 (UTC)Reply
Failure to be verified means that insufficient eligible citations of this usage have been found, and the entry therefore does not meet Wiktionary inclusion criteria at the present time. We have archived here the disputed information, the verification discussion, and any documentation gathered so far, pending further evidence. Do not re-add this information to the article without also submitting proof that it meetsWiktionary's criteria for inclusion.
Because this is so hard to search for (unless anyone can think of a clever way), I would be satisfied if someone merely said that they were familiar with it. I have never heard it myself, and wouldn't understand it, although I'm British, which doesn't prove anything, but it just seemed iffy to me.Mihia (talk)17:21, 25 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
It's not in Wright'sEnglish Dialect Dictionary AFAICT, but that could also be because because it's modern or it was considered too transparent an ellipsis. I didn't spot it in MacMillan's British dictionary, either, and as you say I don't know how to search for it.- -sche(discuss)10:38, 26 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
I'm sure it's far too modern for that (since it suggests a modern-style charity collection or whip-round)! Never heard of it either. The user in question, Top Cat 14, was (as far as I can tell) a schoolboy who added a lot of dubious school andbonfire-society slang that probably only existed in his own peer group.Equinox◑22:31, 29 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
Seems overwhelmingly iffy to me, and I certainly don't know it. Surely to meet CFI it needs to be supported by 3 cites, etc., etc. So, if it cannot be cited simply because there is no convenient or efficient way to search for uses given the resources we use, then it cannot be cited, and so should perhaps go to RFD. -Sonofcawdrey (talk)12:45, 8 August 2020 (UTC)Reply
(sports) Stilleligible toplay, e.g. able to bat in cricket and baseball.
He went for the wild toss but wasn't able to stayin.
Definition is that of an adjective not an adverb. Usex is also apparently of an adjective. Is there a true adverb here anywhere? There is already an appropriate adjective sense, "(cricket) Currently batting". By the way, should baseball be added to this?Mihia (talk)17:53, 24 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
In fact the corresponding sense atout is my doing from a while ago. Originally it read "Of a player,disqualified from playing further by some action of a member of the opposing team (such as beingstumped in cricket)". I initially deleted this as it is the definition of an adjective not an adverb. Then I gave it the benefit of the doubt and "adverbified" the definition, and put in the example "Wilson was bowledout for five runs.". I remember being not entirely happy with this at the time, but I guess I never got back to it. The problem is, does "out" really describe the manner of bowling (adverbial), or does it describe the resulting state of the batsman (adjectival)? Most probably it is the latter, cf. something like "shoot dead". Anyway, entirely clear-cut adverbial examples of both "in" and "out" in this sense would be welcome.Mihia (talk)09:58, 26 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
(sports) Stilleligible toplay, e.g. able to bat in cricket and baseball.
He went for the wild toss but wasn't able to stayin.
(cricket,baseball) Of a player, so as to bedisqualified from playing further by some action of a member of the opposing team (such as beingstumped in cricket).
Wilson was bowledout for five runs.
As will be apparent, the former is presently the definition of an adjective, not an adverb, but let's assume for these purposes that it is "adverbified", e.g. with the addition of "so as to be".
Seeking genuine adverbial examples. The present "stay in" and "bowled out" examples are very probably examples of adjectives not adverbs, i.e. they describe the resulting state of the batsman, not the manner of staying or bowling. There may be proper adverbial examples but somehow I can't come up with any.Mihia (talk)10:20, 26 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
I don't think it is fruitful to rely on semantics to determine word class. In cases wherein orout follows a copulative verb (sensu lato) it can be readily viewed as an adjective. That might apply tostay/remain. Butbowl doesn't seem to me to be copulative.DCDuring (talk)02:59, 27 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
What other method would you suggest, then, in cases such as this, to distinguish "verb + adjective" from "verb + adverb", other than checking whether the second word describes the manner in which the verb is done or the associated state of the subject or object?Mihia (talk)10:15, 27 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
Well, I would say, if we think the second part of a phrasal verb must by definition be adverbial, that the question "Is 'out' adverbial?" would logically precede the question "Is 'bowl out' a phrasal verb?", not be a consequence of it.Mihia (talk)13:54, 27 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
Interestingly, the OED (which revisedout in 2004) considers all such uses to be adverbial (including, for example, such uses as "If he misses three times…he is out"). It is interpreting these uses adjectivally which appears to be the more recent development. Perhaps support for this view comes from the fact that they are only used attributively very late, and rarely.Ƿidsiþ06:54, 28 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
I noticed something similar too in some place I looked -- not necessarily for this sense of "out", but maybe for some other "small" adjectives that are (in my view, with all due respect to the OED) mistakenly classified as adverbs. Generally speaking I think it is illogical/impossible for an adverb to follow copular "be", though admittedly there are awkward cases such as "she is outside" or "the meeting is tomorrow" which I find hard to analyse.Mihia (talk)21:08, 28 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
I understand, but for the sake of this specific discussion, it seems enough to say that yes, we are justified in treating them as adjectives, but we are also justified in keeping these adverb sections too.Ƿidsiþ05:52, 29 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
Indeed that's correct, but despite my general pro-adjective advocacy, I personally find it hard to see "outside" as truly an adjective in "she is outside" (meaning "not indoors"). I believe also, by way of making the contrast, that we cannot say "the directors are outside" in the sense of "outside directors".Mihia (talk)21:46, 28 July 2020 (UTC)Reply
I've lost track of indenting. When I saidphrasal verb earlier I was using the loose definition, the second which allows non-adverbs.Vox Sciurorum (talk)
The non-adverbs that the second definition allows are prepositions. I cannot see how "out" in "bowled out" could be a preposition. "out" can scarcely be a preposition at all, outside of some dubious usages.Mihia (talk)
There are many entries for short function words that have similar problems, but we've started an off-topic discussion of this one atWiktionary:Requests for deletion#in cash, so we might as well begin with this one.
I've added a sense toin (though it, and many of the other senses, could use some tweaking) that covers this usage. When you're speaking of money, you can say "in" almost anything- cash, securities, tens and twenties, evenMonopoly money.Chuck Entz (talk)17:17, 3 May 2014 (UTC)Reply
I have taken a run at a subsense structure for the definitions. I feel we are still missing some senses and have unnecessary specificity in some definitions (See the sub-subsenses.), though the usexes could stay. I find prepositions among the hardest PoS sections I have tackled, requiring a great deal of abstraction to deal with the senses that are not spatial or temporal.DCDuringTALK20:25, 3 May 2014 (UTC)Reply
Much better, though getting it perfect might be a lifetime job. Sense 3-2 seems particularly off the mark: "he met his match in her" is just another way of saying "he met his match, and she was that match". All that stuff about "a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics" is just unnecessary verbiage. Consider, for instance: "In boxing, he found the perfect outlet for his anger and frustration".Chuck Entz (talk)20:52, 3 May 2014 (UTC)Reply
I couldn't agree more. I just didn't have the courage to hack away at every piece. We are certainly missing subsenses and also some senses that are hard to fit under the senses now in the entry. Having access to the OED would help make sense of the groupings, though there might be too much information not strictly relevant to current senses. I should probably put some musings onTalk:in.DCDuringTALK21:09, 3 May 2014 (UTC)Reply
(edit conflict) There's also the "dressed in, wearing" sense, as in the famous quote fromw:Animal Crackers: "I once shot an elephant in my pajamas- how the elephant got in my pajamas, I'll never know", not to mention the "target of an action, within a greater whole", as in "shot in the heart", or as in "they attacked the fortification in its most vulnerable section", or as in "he was shot in the fracas, which, as we all know, can be quite painful".Chuck Entz (talk)22:03, 3 May 2014 (UTC)Reply
I had forgotten that five years ago I had created a page [[Appendix:Collocations of in]], intended to provide a factual basis for improving the entry. In principle, using that data, we could develop an approach that would apply to other prepositions, for the data is easily obtained. We need to look at other lexicographers' efforts, of course, because they will have captured some less common uses. We should make sure that any sense from a Wiktionary contributor is fully captured as our contributors may have noted a change of meaning that has eluded others.Talk:in has some useful material.DCDuringTALK21:48, 3 May 2014 (UTC)Reply
The Latin section claimed that "in" can be used with the dative, as "within, while in (time)", but failed to give any example or reference.
I have consultedGildersleeve's,Bennet's,Allen & Greenough's, and Panhuis's (section 119; still in copyright) Latin grammars. Gildersleeve and Allen & Greenough state that prepositions generally are used only with the ablative and accusative; Panhuis states further that no preposition governs the dative. All explicitly enumerate for "in" the accusative and ablative cases only, and Gildersleeve, Allen & Greenough, and Panhuis give examples of the temporal sense in the ablative case.
The claim was introduced inthis edit, which changed both ablative senses to the dative (an understandable error for a self-identified la-1 contributor). The spatial sense was changed back to the ablative inthis edit (whose summary cites Ørberg'sLingua Latina, a basic textbook, as a source; the subject is discussed in chapter 35, lines 200-206, and likewise no support for the dative is given), but the parallel error in the temporal sense was missed. A request-for-cleanup template was added inthis edit, but I can find no corresponding discussion.
I have therefore restored the ablative. (I have also added the accusative temporal sense, to avoid misleading by omission.)
Latest comment:3 years ago1 comment1 person in discussion
I’ve just added a new sense of ‘in’ which is used to mean ‘burning’ in the context of a fire (usually in the phrase ‘keep the fire in’). It’s mainly a British term but I’ve found some non-durable cites online where this phrase is used in Ireland, New Zealand and Australia and added two of them to the citations page (unfortunately I can no longer locate the Australian website though). One website said something like ‘wood stays in for longer than coal’, which is the only instance I could find of the word ‘in’ being used in this context about fuel but I’m also having difficulty relocating that website, unfortunately.Overlordnat1 (talk)11:29, 15 March 2022 (UTC)Reply
Latest comment:2 years ago1 comment1 person in discussion
There seems to be some nuance on the word 'in' when describing outlying islands and the countries that they are 'in'. In some database-like situations, you can say the distant islands are 'in' that country. But it is unnatural English to say 'in' when the islands are discussed in a more conversational tone or readable sentences[1], because the islands are far off from the core zone of the country. This issue of naturally worded English language descriptions does not prejudice the country's sovereignty claims one way or the other, though it may appear to. --Geographyinitiative (talk)11:01, 30 March 2022 (UTC)Reply
Based on Century (in¹ noun sense 2), this may be a lexicographer's back-formation fromins and outs, as intheins and outs of a garden (which usage Century defines as "Nooks and corners; turns and windings"). I doubt thatin is really used by itself to meana nook or corner.This, that and the other (talk)06:45, 11 December 2023 (UTC)Reply
Only thing I can think of is to look for people being wordplayful and writing about "the ins of" something separate from "the outs of" it (in which case we would still need to make clear that this is a back-formation from or allusion to the longer phrase "ins and outs"). I can find various uses of "the ins" and "the outs" to denote people who are regarded as accepted/righteous/orthodox (or the opposite, in the case of the outs) in politics or religion, but I haven't spotted this.- -sche(discuss)15:45, 23 March 2024 (UTC)Reply
According to sources, a "re-entrant angle" is an interior angle greater than 180°, with its point turning back into the figure rather than out from it. How can this be a "nook"? It seems the opposite -- more an "out" than an "in", from the perspective of being inside the room or whatever it is.Mihia (talk)19:47, 6 May 2024 (UTC)Reply
Removed and replaced with a link toins and outs. It's possible that a dedicated search might find some wordplayful references to "the ins of" something as distinct from "the outs of" it, but I haven't found such use (and the definition would need to be changed, anyway), I can only find "ins" and "outs" as short for inputs / outputs, as references to people who are In or Out (of power, prestige, whatever), or as references to (AFAICT) highs and lows(?) of someone's lineage (royalty vs prostitutes).- -sche(discuss)01:39, 15 June 2024 (UTC)Reply
