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Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/er-

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ThisProto-Turkic entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

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Etymology

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Nişanyan merges this verb with*ẹr-(“to reach”).

Verb

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*er-

(copulative) tobe

Derived terms

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*erser(“if”)
*erken(“while”)
*ermeŕ(“not”)
*erür(“is”)
*erdük(“while”)

Descendants

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Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj:*ərmək
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:ایمك(imäk, īmäk)
  - Azerbaijani:*imək
  - Gagauz:*imää
  - Ottoman Turkish:ایمك(imek)
    - Turkish:*imek
- Turkmen:*imek
Karluk:
- Karakhanid:[script needed](ermēk)
  - Khorezmian Turkic:
    - Chagatai:
      - Uzbek:*emoq
Siberian Turkic:
- Old Turkic:𐰼(er-)
- North Siberian Turkic:
  - Yakut:эр(er)

⇒ Proto-Turkic:*erür

Oghuz:
- Salar:ira
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:𐰼𐰇𐰼(r²ür²/⁠erür⁠/)

Proto-Turkic:*ermeŕ

Oghur:
- Chuvash:мар(mar)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:[script needed](imez)
  - Ottoman Turkish:ايمَز(imez)
- Salar:emes
Karluk:
- Chagatai:ایرماس(ermäs),ایماس(emäs)
  - Uzbek:emas
  - Uyghur:ئەمەس(emes)
Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak:emes
  - Kazakh:емес(emes)
- North Kipchak
  - Bashkir:имәҫ(iməś)(dated)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz:эмес(emes)
  - Southern Altai:эмес(emes)
Siberian:
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan:эвес(eves)
  - Yenisei:
    - Shor:эбес(ebes)
  - Northern Altai:эвес(eves),эбес(ebes)
    - >? Khakas:нимес(nimes)

Proto-Turkic:*erdük

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:ايدوكى(idügi)
  - Ottoman Turkish:ايدوكى(idüği)
    - Turkish:idiği,idüği

Proto-Turkic:*erser

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:ایسه(ése),ارسه(erse)
  - Azerbaijani:isə
  - Gagauz:sä
  - Ottoman Turkish:ایسه
    - Turkish:ise

Proto-Turkic:*erti

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:ایدی(édi),اردی(erdi)
  - Azerbaijani:idi,-di
  - Gagauz:-di
  - Ottoman Turkish:ایدی
    - Turkish:idi
Karluk
- Khorezmian Turkic:ایردی(ʾyrdy/⁠erdi⁠/)
  - Chagatai:ایردی(erdi),ایدی(edi)
    - Uzbek:edi

Proto-Turkic:*erken

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:ایكن
  - Azerbaijani:ikən,-kən,-kan
  - Gagauz:-kenä,-kana
  - Ottoman Turkish:ایكن(iken)
    - Turkish:iken,-ken,-kan

References

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Clauson, Gerard (1972) “er-”, inAn Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press,→ISBN,→OCLC,pages193-194
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974)Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages218-220
Räsänen, Martti (1969)Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page46
Starostin, Sergei,Dybo, Anna,Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*er-”, inEtymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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