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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/že

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ThisProto-Slavic entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

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Etymology

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Etymology tree

Proto-Balto-Slavic*ge

Proto-Slavic*že

FromProto-Balto-Slavic*ge, fromProto-Indo-European*gʰe(“emphatic particle”), cognate withSanskritघ(gha,“at least, at any rate”) and akin toSanskritहि(hi,“for, on account of, indeed”).

Conjunction

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*že

so that,since
intensifying or emphatic particle

Derived terms

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*čьto že(“what then, well then”)
*jь že(“who/which”)
*(j)uže(“already, no longer”)
*tako že(“also, therefore”)
*to že(“so that”)
*tъjьžedьnь,*tъjьžьdьnь(“week”)

Descendants

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East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic:же(že)
  - Old Ruthenian:же(že)
    - Belarusian:жа(ža)
    - Carpathian Rusyn:же(že)
    - Ukrainian:же(že),ж(ž)
  - Russian:же(že),ж(ž)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script:же(že)
  Glagolitic script:ⰶⰵ(že)
  - Bulgarian:че(če)
- Serbo-Croatian:(archaic, only survives as non-productive suffix)
  Cyrillic script:ре
  Latin script:re
- Slovene:re(archaic, only survives as non-productive suffix)
West Slavic:
- Kashubian:że
- Old Polish:-że
  - Polish:-że
  - Silesian:-że
- Old Slovak:že
  - Pannonian Rusyn:же(že)
  - Slovak:že
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian:že(archaic)

Particle

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*že^[1]^[2]

emphatic enclitic

Derived terms

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*da že(“even so”)
*poňe že(“since, because”)

References

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^Derksen, Rick (2008) “*že”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page554: “ptcl.”
^Olander, Thomas (2001) “-že”, inCommon Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(encl.; cf. jь-že) (rel. marker) (PR 139, 145)”