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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pṓds

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ThisProto-Indo-European entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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From earlier*póds, from*ped-(“to walk, to step”) +‎*-s(root nominal suffix), with the*-ṓ- arising via the morphologisation ofSzemerényi's law.

Noun

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*pṓds m (oblique stem*ped-)

foot

Inflection

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Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*pṓds
genitive	*pedés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pṓds	*pódh₁(e)	*pódes
vocative	*pód	*pódh₁(e)	*pódes
accusative	*pódm̥	*pódh₁(e)	*pódm̥s
genitive	*pedés	*?	*pedóHom
ablative	*pedés	*?	pedmós,pedbʰós
dative	*pedéy	*?	pedmós,pedbʰós
locative	péd,pédi	*?	*pedsú
instrumental	*pedéh₁	*?	pedmís,pedbʰís

The categorisation as acrostatic is based on the assumption that earlier oblique forms were in root-accented*péd-.^[1]

Derived terms

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*h₁pōs-pṓds
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:*pōspédis
  - Latgalian:papīds
  - Latvian:papēdis

Descendants

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Proto-Albanian:*pāsi(from locative plural*pḗdsu)^[2]
- Albanian:përposh,poshtë
Anatolian:
- Hittite:𒄊𒀸(GÌR-aš /⁠*padas⁠/)
- Lycian:𐊓𐊁𐊅𐊁(pede)
- Luwian:𒉺𒋫𒀀𒀸(patās)
Armenian:
- Old Armenian:ոտն(otn)(from accusative singular*pódm̥)
Proto-Celtic:*ɸūts
- Galatian:αδες(ades)(nom. pl.)
Proto-Celtic:*ɸīssu(from locative plural*pḗdsu)
- Old Irish:ís
  - ⇒ Irish:aníos,síos,thíos
  - ⇒ Scottish Gaelic:nìos,shìos,sìos
Proto-Celtic:*ɸodyā
- Celtiberian:ozas(acc. pl.)
Proto-Germanic:*fōts (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek:πούς(poús)
  - Greek:πόδι(pódi)
Proto-Indo-Iranian:*pā́ts (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic:*pets
- Latin:pēs (see there for further descendants)
- Umbrian:𐌐𐌄𐌛𐌄(peře)^[3] (abl. sg.)
Phrygian:ποδας(podas,acc.pl.)
Proto-Tocharian:*pei (from dual*pódh₁e)
- Tocharian A:pe
- Tocharian B:paiyye

References

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^Ringe, Donald (2006),From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press,→ISBN,page45
^Matzinger, Joachim (2017–2018), “Chapter XV: Albanian”, in Klein, Jared S.,Joseph, Brian D.,Fritz, Matthias, editors,Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft[Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science];41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton,→ISBN, § The lexicon of Albanian, page1791
^Buck, Carl (1904),A grammar of Oscan and Umbrian, Ginn & Co, page19

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