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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/éti

    From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
    (Redirected fromReconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁eti)
    ThisProto-Indo-European entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

    Proto-Indo-European

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    Alternative reconstructions

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    Etymology

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  • De Vaan proposes an old locative singular of*h₁et-,[1][2] reflected inSanskritअत्(at,to go), as he explains “Originally used to add something to a previous utterance, or to indicate the sequence of different actions”. Compare*h₂énti and*h₁épi/*h₁ópi for similar derivations of particles in*-i. Beekes and Derksen give the same etymology provided by De Vaan.[3][4] Ringe, however, reconstructs it as*éti.[5]Alternatively, Dunkel prefers a derivation from*e- +‎*-ti(ablative suffix) as "from there" > "beyond".[6]

    Adverb

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    *éti[5][6]

    1. beyond
      Synonym:*h₂epóterom
    2. over
      Synonym:*upér
    3. and
      Synonyms:*de,*-kʷe

    Reconstruction notes

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    Conflated in some descendants with*h₂et-(but, yet; and?); see there for more.

    Descendants

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    • (?) Proto-Armenian:
      • Old Armenian:()
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:*ati(from*h₁óti, unless from*h₂éti)
      • Lithuanian:at-(back, away)
      • Latvian:at-(back away)
      • Old Prussian:et-,at-
      • Proto-Slavic:*otъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic:*ati- (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic:*idi,*idi- (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek:ἔτι(éti,yet)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:*áti
    • Proto-Italic:*et
      • Latin:et(and) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian:*āté[7]
      • Tocharian B:ate
    • Proto-Tocharian:

    References

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    1. 1.01.1De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “et”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page195
    2. ^Schrijver, Peter (1991) The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Latin, in Leiden Studies in Indo-European, Volume: 2, page 36
    3. ^Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἔτῐ”, inEtymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN, page476
    4. ^Derksen, Rick (2015), “at”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;13), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages65-66
    5. 5.05.1Ringe, Donald (2006),From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press,→ISBN,page104
    6. 6.06.1Dunkel, George E. (2014),Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter,→ISBN, pages260-264
    7. ^Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “ate”, inA Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European;10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi,→ISBN,page10
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