 | ThisProto-Finnic entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence. |
Two distinct stems that have been conflated into a single paradigm, as per Hakulinen;[1] a case ofsuppletion.
The oblique stem*-ice- is fromProto-Finno-Ugric*-ŋće,*-ńće,*-nće,*-nśe, and is cognate withProto-Samic*-ńčë. The oblique stem is probably original. In many descendants the original nominative can be found in compounds, albeit in reduced form (*naic(ë)- >Estoniannais- innaissugu,Finnishnais- innaissuku,Ingriannais- innaissuku,Kareliannais- innaispuoli,Livoniannaiz- innaizjemā,Ludiannaiž- innaižluad,Vepsnaiž- innaižvald,Voticnaiz- innaizeläje). Remnants of the original nominative*-ici may be preserved in toponyms (Alhaisi nearSalo in Finland,Ihalaisi,Ikäpäivösi andVornaisi inIngria).[2]
The origin of the nominative*-inen, as well as the motivation for the suppletion, is less clear; it might be related to*-na (diminutive suffix), in which case the-i- would be analogous to the oblique stem.[1] Salo (2016) makes the observation that the suffix is quite similar to the comitative suffix*-inëk;[3] a word like*soolainën could have originally meant "with (much) salt, abounding in salt", before developing into the adjective "salty". In this case,*-inen may have originally been an adjective-forming suffix; if it was originally an attributive marker specifically (like possibly*-ëda), then it may have merged with an older diminutive suffix when attribute agreement developed (attributes were not originally inflected with the headword) to form a single suppletive adjective-diminutive suffix.
The oblique stem also has the variants*-icce-,*-ise-, also seen in related verb suffixes (see Related terms below), for which see*icek for more details.
*-inën / *-inen (stem*-icë- /*-ice-)
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-inën | *-icet | |
| accusative | *-icen | *-icet | |
| genitive | *-icen | *-ictën *-icidën | |
| partitive | *-icta | *-icita | |
| inessive | *-icessa *-icehna | *-icissa *-icihna | |
| elative | *-icesta | *-icista | |
| illative | *-icesën | *-icisën | |
| adessive | *-icella | *-icilla | |
| ablative | *-icelta | *-icilta | |
| allative | *-icelën *-icelëk | *-icilën *-icilëk | |
| essive | *-inna | *-icina | |
| translative | *-iceksi | *-iciksi | |
| instructive | *-icen | *-icin | |
| comitative | *-innëk | *-icinëk | |
| abessive | *-icetta | *-icitta | |