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Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/kalih

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ThisProto-Austronesian entry containsreconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directlyattested, but are hypothesized to have existed based oncomparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

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Verb

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*kalih

todig up; toexcavate

Descendants

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Atayalic: *kariʔ
- Taroko:kari
Northern Formosan
- Northwest Formosan
  - Saisiyat:kowih
- Western Plains
  - Thao:kari
East Formosan
- Siraya:kari
Tsouic
- Saaroa:kali
Paiwan:kali
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian:*kali
- Philippine
  - Batanic
    - Yami:kali
    - Ibatan:kadi
  - Northern Luzon
    - Ilocano:káli
    - Northeastern Luzon
      - Dupaningan Agta:kali
      - Casiguran Dumagat Agta:kale
    - Meso-Cordilleran
      - Central Cordilleran
        Kankanaey:kelí
        Northern Kankanay:kali
      - Southern Cordilleran
        Pangasinan:kalí
        Keley-I Kallahan:kalih
  - Central Luzon
    - Bolinao:kali
    - Abenlen Ayta:kali
    - Mag-Anchi Ayta:kali
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Phillipine
      - Tagalog:kali
      - Visayan
        Hiligaynon:káli
        Tausug:kali'
      - Mansakan
        Mansaka:kari
        Tagakaulu Kalagan:kali'
    - South Mangyan
      - Hanunoo:kali
    - Danao
      - Maranao:kali
    - Subanen
      - Central Subanen:ali
    - Manobo
      - Ata Manobo:kali
      - Obo Manobo:kali
      - Agusan Manobo:kali
      - Cotabato Manobo:kali
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo:káli
    - Palawanic
      - Brooke's Point Palawano:kali
      - Central Palawano:kali
      - Aborlan Tagbanwa:kali
      - Central Tagbanwa:kali
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow
      - Mongondow:kali
  - Kalamian
    - Agutaynen:ali
    - Calamian Tagbanwa:ali
  - Minahasan
    - Tontemboan:kali
- Greater Barito
  - Sama–Bajaw
    - Central Sama:kali
    - Southern Sama:kali
    - Mapun:kali
    - Yakan:kali
  - East Barito
    - Malagasy:hady
- North Bornean
  - Northeast Sabahan
    - Ida'an:koli
    - Bonggi:kali
  - Southwest Sabahan
    - Dusunic
      - Rungus:kali
- Northeast Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  - Batak
    - Karo Batak:kali
    - Toba Batak:hali
- Malayo-Sumbawan
  - Malayic
    - Iban:kali
    - Malay:gali
      - Indonesian:gali
      - North Moluccan Malay:gale
    - Urak Lawoi':กาลี(kali)
  - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    - Sasak:kaliq
    - Sumbawa:kali
  - Sundanese:kali
- South Sulawesi
  - Tae':kali
  - Duri:kali
- Celebic
  - Muna–Buton
    - Muna:seli
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Sumba–Flores
    - Western Flores
      - Manggarai:hali
      - Palu'e:kali
    - Sumba–Hawu
      - Dhao:kai
  - Flores–Lembata
    - Sika:gali
  - Kei–Tanimbar
    - Yamdena:n-kal
    - Fordata:kali
  - Timoric
    - Helong:gali
    - Uab Meto:hani
  - Aru
    - West Tarangan:kel
  - Central Maluku
    - Buru (Indonesia):kalik
- Chamorro:hali
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Halmahera–Cenderawasih
    - As:kail
  - Proto-Oceanic:*kali,*keli
    - Western Oceanic
      - North New Guinea
        Bebeli:kel
        Sengseng:kel
      - Papuan Tip
        Saliba (New Guinea):keli
    - Central–Eastern Oceanic
      - Southern Oceanic
        Tiale:eli
        Amblong:el
      - Central Pacific
        Proto-Polynesian:*kali,*keli
        Tongic
        Tongan:keli
        Niuean:keli
        Nuclear Polynesian
        Samoic
        Samoan:eli
        Tokelauan:keli
        Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        Hawaiian:ʻeli,ʻali
        Mangarevan:keri,kari
        North Marquesan:keʻi,kaʻi
        Tahitic
        Maori:keri,kari
        Rarotongan:keri
        Rapa Nui:keri

References

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Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell,Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *kalih.

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