Slovene national phonetic transcription (abbreviated SNPT) is a set of transcription used for transcribing Standard Slovene, as well as its dialects. It is often simpler to comprehend as most symbols are derived from the Slovene alphabet and have their usual pronunciations.
There are four closely related transcriptions, however one is considered archaic.
For Standard Slovene
[edit]Slovene has two standards – tonal and non-tonal and therefore exist two transcriptions which only slightly differ by different diacritics.
Long stressed vowels[1]| In a word | Non-tonal | Tonal | IPA |
|---|
| í | í | í | ìː |
| ȋ | íː |
| é | é | ẹ́ | èː |
| ẹ̑ | éː |
| ê / é | ḙ̄ | ḙ́ | è̞ː |
| ḙ̑ | é̞ː |
| ê | ê | é | ɛ̀ː |
| ȇ | ɛ́ː |
| á | á | á | àː |
| ȃ | áː |
| ô | ô | ó | ɔ̀ː |
| ȏ | ɔ́ː |
| ô / ó | ō̭ | ó̭ | ò̞ː |
| ȏ̭ | ó̞ː |
| ó | ó | ọ́ | òː |
| ọ̑ | óː |
| ú | ú | ú | ùː |
| ȗ | úː |
Short stressed vowels[1]| In a word | Non-tonal | Tonal | IPA |
|---|
| ì | ì | ȉ | í |
| è | ḙ̀ | ḙ̏ | é̞ |
| è | ȅ | ɛ́ |
| è | ə̀ | ə̀ | ə̀ |
| ə̏ | ə́ |
| à | à | ʌ̏ | á (non-tonal),ʌ́ (tonal) |
| ò | ò | ȍ | ɔ́ |
| ò̭ | ȍ̭ | ó̞ |
| ù | ù | ȕ | ú |
| ŕ / r̀ | ə̀r | ə̀r | ə̀ɾ |
| ə̏r | ə́ɾ |
| ĺ | ə̀l | ə̏l | ə́l |
Short unstressed vowels[1]| In a word | Non-tonal | Tonal | IPA |
|---|
| i | i | i | i |
| e | ḙ | ḙ | ɛ̝ |
| e | e | ɛ (after stress) / e (before stress) |
| e | ə | ə | ə |
| a | a | a | a |
| o | o | o | ɔ (after stress) /o (before stress) |
| o̭ | o̭ | ɔ̝ |
| u | u | u | u |
| r | ər | ər | əɾ |
| n | ən | ən | ən /n̩ |
| m | əm | əm | əm /m̩ |
| l | əl | əl | əl /l̩ |
Semivowels[1]| In a word | Non-tonal | Tonal | IPA |
|---|
| j | j | j | j |
| v / u / ł | u̯ | u̯ | u̯ |
Consonants[1]| SNPT | IPA | | SNPT | IPA |
|---|
| m | m | | t | t |
| ɱ | ɱ | | T | tⁿ |
| n | n | | ᵗ | tˡ |
| nʼ | nʲ | | d | d |
| ŋ | ŋ | | D | dⁿ |
| l | l | | ᵈ | dˡ |
| lʼ | lʲ | | k | k |
| r | ɾ | | g | ɡ |
| j | j | | č | t͡ʃ |
| v | ʋ | | dž | d͡ʒ |
| v | | s | s |
| w | ʷ (with voiced cons.) | | z | z |
| ʍ | ʷ (with voiceless cons.) | | š | ʃ |
| p | p | | ž | ʒ |
| P | pⁿ | | c | t͡s |
| ᴘ | p̪ | | dz | d͡z |
| b | b | | f | f |
| ʙ | b̪ | | h | x |
| B | bⁿ | | ɣ | ɣ |
Dialectal transcription
[edit]There exist two dialectal transcriptions: Ramovš and Logar transcription, but nowadays second is in use most of the time.
Logar and Ramovš transcriptions[2][3]Vowels| RT | LT | approx. IPA |
|---|
| i | i | | ü | ü* | y | | ʏ | | y | i̠ | | u | u | | u̇ | u̇* | y̠ | | i̧ | ɪ̟͉ | | ɨ | ɪ | | ı̣ | i̥ | i͈ | | i̥ | ɨ̟ | | y̥ | y̥* | ɨ | | u̥ | ʉ | | u̧ | ʊ͉ | | ů | ů* | ʊ̝ | | ė | ɪ̟͈ | | ȯ | ʊ͈ | | ẹ | e | | ë* | ë | e̠ | | ọ | o | | ḙ | e̞ | | e̥ | ɘ̞ | | ɘ | ɘ | | o̥ | ɵ | | o̭ | o̞ | | ȩ | e | ɛ | | ö | ø | | œ | | ə | ə | | ə̣ | ə̣* | ə̟ | | o̧ | o | ɔ | | ä | æ | | ḁ̈ | ḁ̈* | æ̠ | | ḁ | ḁ* | ɐ | | å | ɒ | | ḁ̊ | ḁ̊* | ɒ̟ | | ȧ | a̝ | | a | a | | ã | ą | ã | | õ | ǫ | ɔ̃ | | ọ̃ | ǫ̣ | õ | | ȯ̃* | ǫ̇ | ʊ͈̃ | | i̤ | ɨ̤ | | ṳ | ʉ̤ | | e̤ | ɛ̤̈ | | o̤ | œ̤̈ | | ɵ̤ | | ə̤ | ə̤* | ə̤ | | Non-sonorants| RT | LT | approx. IPA |
|---|
| p | p | | b | b | | ɸ* | ɸ | ɸ | | bʼ | bʲ | | ƀ | b̞ | | f | f | | θ* | θ | θ | | ð | ð* | ð | | đ | d̞ | | t | t | | tʼ | tʲ | | d | d | | dʼ | dʲ | | c | t͡s | | cʼ | t͡sʲ | | ʒ | d͡z | | s | s | | sʼ | sʲ | | z | z | | zʼ | zʲ | | c̣ | t͇͡s͇ | | ṣ | s͇ | | ẓ | z͇ | | t́ | c | | d́* | d́ | ɟ | | ć | t͡ɕ /c (see from description in the source) | | ʒ́ | d͡ʑ /ɟ (see from description in the source) | | ś | ɕ | | ź | ʑ | | č | t͡ʃ | | čʼ* | čʼ | t͡ʃʲ | | ǯ | d͡ʒ | | ǯʼ* | ǯʼ | d͡ʒʲ | | š | ʃ | | ž | ʒ | | č́ | t͡ɕ | | ǯ́ | d͡ʑ | | š́ | ʃʲ | | ž́ | ʒʲ | | k | k | | kʼ | kʲ | | g | ɡ | | gʼ | gʲ | | x | x | | xʼ | xʲ | | ɣ | ɣ | | ǥ | g̞ | | ǵ | gʲ | | x́ | ç | | ɣx | ɣ̥ | | h | ħ ~ɦ (see from description in the source) | | ʕ ~h (see from description in the source) | | q | ʔ | |
Sonorants and semivowels| RT | LT | IPA |
|---|
| w | w | | u̯ | u̯ | | m | m | | v | ʋ /v (see if it has a devoiced allophone) | | vʼ | ʋʲ /vʲ (see if it has a devoiced allophone) | | mʼ* | mʼ | mʲ | | l | l | | l̯ | l̠ | l̪ | | r | ɾ | | n | n | | lʼ | lʲ | | nʼ | nʲ | | ĺ | ʎ | | ń | ɲ | | j | j | | i̯ | i̯ | | j̃* | j̃ | j̃ | | ĩ̯ | ĩ̯ | | ł | ʟ | | ṙ | ʀ | | ŋ | ŋ | | Diacritics| RT | LT | IPA |
|---|
| Tones |
|---|
| V̑ | V̀ː | V́ː | | V̏ | V̀ | V́ | | V́ | V́ː | V̀ː | | V̀ | V́ | V̀ | | Ṽ | V̂ (Brdo dialect) |  | V̆̀ | | Stress |
|---|
| V̄ | ˈVː | Vː | | ˈVˑ | Vˑ | | V̆ | ˈV | V | | Other vowel diacritics |
|---|
| Ṽ | V̨ | Ṽ | | Ṿ | V̝͈ | | V̇ | see above | | V̧ | V | V̞ | | V̭ | see above | | V̥ | V̈ | | V̤ | V̤ | | V̯ | V̯ | | V | (V̆) | | Consonants |
|---|
| C̄ | Cː | Cː | | C̃ | C̃ | C̃ | | C̮ | C̥᪽ | | C̥ | C̩ | | C‛ | Cʰ | | C | (C̆) | | Other |
|---|
| C | Dummy consonant | | V | Dummy vowel | | ø | A sound that is not present, null ending | | / / | Phoneme | | [ ] | Allophone | | > | Derived from | | < | Originates from | |
- ↑1.01.11.21.31.4“Pravila [Grammatical Rules]”, inePravopis slovenskega knjižnega jezika[1] (in Slovene), Ljubljana: Znanstvenoraziskovalni centerSAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša,2014, archived fromthe original on21 January 2022, pages69–81
- ^Logar, Valentin "Tine" (1996), Kenda-Jež, Karmen, editor,Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave [Dialectological and etymological discussions] (in Slovene),Ljubljana: Znanstvenoraziskovalni centerSAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša,→ISBN, page VII-XV
- ^Kenda-Jež, Karmen (27 February 2017),Fonetična trankripcija [Phonetic transcription][2] (in Slovene), Znanstvenoraziskovalni centerSAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, archived fromthe original on22 January 2022, pages27–30
