The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsOld Irish pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.

Seew:Old Irish language § Phonology for detailed discussion of the phonology of Old Irish.

Some details of Old Irish phonetics are not known./sʲ/ may have been pronounced[ɕ] or[ʃ], as in modern Irish./hʲ/ may have been the same sound as/h/ and/or/xʲ/. The vowels/i/ and/e/ may have had backed allophones like[ɨ] and[ə] when they were preceded by a plain consonant (which happened only in unstressed syllables).

The precise articulation of the fortis sonorants is unknown, but they were traditionally seen as longer, tenser, and generally more strongly articulated than their lenis counterparts/n/,/nʲ/,/l/,/lʲ/,/ɾ/,/ɾʲ/. Modern Irish and Gaelic dialects (e.g. Connacht Irish) that still possess a four-way distinction in the coronal nasals and laterals usually manifest the fortis variants as dentals. As such, these fortis sonorants will also be reconstructed as dentals here./n̠ʲ/ and/l̠ʲ/ may have been pronounced[ɲ̟] and[ʎ̟] respectively. The difference between fortis and lenisr may have been that the former were trills while the latter were flaps.

In unstressed final closed syllables and medial syllables, by Old Irish u-infected vowels (as well as some vowels next to labials or velars) merged into one unstressed vowel which will be denoted as/u/. Other unstressed vowels in the same environment ended up spelleda,e, and(a)i in often complementary distribution depending on which surrounding consonants were palatalized. These uninfected vowels tend to be understood as a single phoneme generally transcribed as/ə/. Its allophones are unclear: Blasse (2015)^[1] and Griffith (2016)^[2] give different interpretations.

• Old Irish appendices
• Pronunciation by language

• Wiktionary pages with shortcuts
• Old Irish links with redundant target parameters
• Old Irish links with redundant alt parameters