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Early Cyrillic alphabet andscientific transliteration

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This appendix explains characters written in theOld Cyrillic script.

This is theCyrillic alphabet, as used inOld Church Slavonic and other Slavic languages before the eighteenth century. Sound is transcribed in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet. Transliteration method is the scholarly system used in linguistics.

The classic Cyrillic alphabet has different writing and typographical conventions from the modern.

• е, Е (е,Е) – the normal, narrow letteriest is represented by the Cyrillic letterе (Unicode U+0435). This should be used in most entries.
• є, Є (є,Є) – the broad, or anchor, form of iest is represented by the Cyrillic letterє (U+0454). This should appear in a main or alternate-form entry where it is attested, and should be used in a citation following the source.
• оу, ОУ (oу,ОУ) Should be entered as two separate characters (о+у,О+У). The Unicode combined UkꙊ, ꙋ (U+0478, U+0479) is deprecated.
• ꙑ, Ꙑ (ꙑ,Ꙑ) should be used instead of the modernы,Ы.
• ꙗ, Ꙗ (ꙗ,Ꙗ) should be used instead of the modernя,Я.

Old Cyrillic alphabet (ISO 15924 codeCyrs)

Greek uncial	Cyrillic ustav	Modern	Old Church Slavonic names	Sound	Translit.
	а	А а	азъ(azŭ)	[a]	a
(в)	б	Б бб	боукꙑ(buky)	[b]	b
	в	В в	вѣди(vědi),вѣдѣ(vědě)	[v]	v
	г,г҄	Г г	глаголи(glagoli),глаголъ(glagolŭ)	[ɡ]	g
	д	Д д	добро(dobro)	[d]	d
	е,є	Е е	ѥсть(jestĭ),естъ(estŭ)	[ɛ] ([jɛ] when not preceded by a consonant)	e
(Ⰶ)	ж	Ж ж	живѣте(živěte)	[ʒʲ]~[ʒ]	ž
(зꙁ) (cursive digamma)	ꙃ ѕ	— (Ѕ ѕ)	ѕѣло(dzělo),зѣло(zělo)	[d͡z]~[d͡zʲ]~[zʲ]	dz
	ꙁ,з	З з	землꙗ(zemlja)	[z]	z
	и	И и	и(i),ижеи(ižei)	[i] (usually [ji] or [jɪ] when not preceded by a consonant)	i
	ії	І і	иже(iže)	[i] (usually [ji] or [jɪ] when not preceded by a consonant)	i
—	Absent (see г҄)	—	eрвь(ervĭ),дервь(dervĭ)	[gʲ]~[dʲ]~[j]	ǵ
	к	К к	како(kako)	[k]	k
	л,ꙥ	Л л	людьѥ(ljudĭje),людиѥ(ljudije)	[l] (sometimes [ʎ])	l
	м	М м	мꙑслите(myslite),мꙑслѣте(myslěte)	[m]	m
	н	Н н	нашь(našĭ)	[n] (sometimes [ɲ])	n
	о	О о	онъ(onŭ)	[o]~[ɔ]	o
	п	П п	покои(pokoi)	[p]	p
	р	Р р	рьци(rĭci)	[r] (sometimes [rʲ])	r
	с	С с	слово(slovo)	[s]	s
	т	Т т	тврьдо(tvrĭdo),тврдо(tvrdo),твердо(tverdo)	[t]	t
(о+ѵ)	оуꙋ	У у	оукъ(ukŭ),икъ(ikŭ)	[u]	u
	ф	Ф ф	фьртъ(fĭrtŭ),фртъ(frtŭ)	[f] (occasionally [p])	f
	х	Х х	хѣръ(xěrŭ),херь(xerĭ)	[x]	x
	ѡѿ	—	ѡтъ(otŭ)	[o]~[ɔ]	o (ô)
—	ц	Ц ц	ци(ci)	[t͡s]~[t͡sʲ]	c
—	ч	Ч ч	чрьвь(črĭvĭ)	[t͡ʃ]~[t͡ʃʲ]	č
—	ш	Ш ш	ша(ša)	[ʃ]~[ʃʲ]	š
(ш+т / Ⱋ)	щ	Щ щ	ща(šta),шта(šta)	[tʲ]~[ʃʲtʲ]~[ʃt͡ʃ]~[ʃt]	št
—	ъ	Ъ ъ	ѥръ(jerŭ)	[ʊ]~[ŭ] (neutralized to [ɪ] after ж, ѕ, ц, ч, ш, щ, жд)	ŭ (ъ, ”)
(ъ+і)	ꙑ,ъи(ŷi)	Ы ы	ѥрꙑ(jery)	[ɯ]~[ɨ] or [ɯji]~[ɯjɪ]~[ɯjĭ]	y
—	ь	Ь ь	ѥрь(jerĭ)	[ɪ]~[ĭ]	ǐ (ь, ’)
—	ѣ	Ѣѣ	ѣть(jětĭ),ꙗть(jatĭ)	[æ] ([e] in western South Slavic dialects)	ě
(і+оу)	ю	Ю ю	ю(ju)	[ju] ([u] after ж, ѕ, ц, ч, ш, щ, жд)	ju
(і+а)	ꙗ	—	ꙗ(ja),иꙗ(ija)	[ja]	ja
(і+е)	ѥ	—	ѥ(je),иѥ(ije)	[jɛ]	je
—	ѧ,ꙙ	Я я	ѧсъ(ęsŭ),юсъ малыи(jusŭ malyi)	[ɛ̃] ([jɛ̃] when not preceded by a consonant)	ę
(і+ѧ)	ѩ	—	ѩсъ(jęsŭ),юсъ малыи иотірованныи(jusŭ malyi iotirovannyi)	[jɛ̃]	ję
—	ѫ	—	ѫсъ(ǫsŭ),юсъ большии(jusŭ bolĭšii)	[ɔ̃]	ǫ
(і+ѫ)	ѭ	—	ѭсъ(jǫsŭ),юсъ больший иотірованныи(jusŭ bolĭšij iotirovannyi)	[jɔ̃]	jǫ
	ѯ	—	кси(ksi)	[ks]	ks
	ѱ	—	пси(psi)	[ps]	ps
	ѳ	Ѳ ѳ	ѳита(θita)	[t]~[θ]	θ (th, ḟ)
	ѵ	[Ѵ ѵ]	ижица(ižica)	[i]~[y], [v]	ü (ẏ)

Note: some characters may not display without a suitable Unicode 5.1 font. Some fonts can be downloaded from:

• Slavonic Computing Initiative at Ponomar Project. Freely licences, high-quality Unicode fonts.
• Medieval Slavic Fonts at the AATSEEL
• Resources at Obshtezhitie (Dilyana v 2.001, Lazov v 1.00, Menaion Medieval v 2.10)
• Code2000 version 1.17
• BukyVede version 1.002
• Kliment Std version 3.00
• RomanCyrillic Std version 3.00
• DejaVu Sans 2.26 has 24 characters from Cyrillic Extended-B. The development versions of DejaVu Sans and DejaVu Serif support more characters
• GNU Unifont 2008-05-10 (bitmap glyphs only)

1	у	л	д	х	и	н	ц	ч	щ	ы	ꙑ	а	ꙗ	я	ѧ	е	є	ѥ	з	ꙁ	ꙃ	Notes
2	у	ʌ		χ	ʜ	ɴ				ьı	ъı			ѧ	ѧ	є	є	ıє
Menaion Unicode	21	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	21	21	2	2	1	21	2	21	21	1	21	21	-Latin, bad bold
Lazov	21	2	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	21	21	2	2		21	2	21	21	1	21	21	+Latin
BukyVede	21	2	2	2	1	2	1	2	2	21	21	2	2	1	21	2	21	21	1	21	21	+Latin
Kliment Std	21	2	2	1	2	2	1	2	2	21	21	2	2	1	21	1	21	21	1	21	21	+Latin
Dilyana	21	2	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	ъı	—	2	—	2	—	2	21	21	2	—	—	-Latin
Menaion Medieval	21	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	ъı	—	2	—		21	2	—	21	2	—	—	-Latin, bad bold
Ostromirov UCS	оу	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	ъı	—	2	—		—	2	21	21	2	—	—	blackboard? capital
Fedorovsk Unicode	21	2	2	2	1	2	1	1	2	21	—	2	2	1	21	2	21	21	1	21	—
Ponomar Unicode	21	2	2	2	1	2	1	1	2	21	—	2	2	1	21	2	21	21	1	21	—	-Latin
RomanCyrillic Std	21	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	21	21	1	2	1	21	1	21	21	1	21	21

ц (ɥ):

• Иоанъ, editor (1076), “Не рьци [Nє рьɥʜ]”, inИзборник 1076 года [Izbornik of 1076]‎^[1],page31 (16), line 5

ы:

• Иоанъ, editor (1076), “помысливъ о оубогꙑхъ”, inИзборник 1076 года [Izbornik of 1076]‎^[2],page84 (42.5), line 4

зꙁ (long/short):

• “землѧ [ɀємʌѧ]”, inNovgorod Codex‎^[3] (in Old Church Slavonic),1010±15,ps. 75:10, page1, line -6
• “възмѧтошѧ [въɀмѧтошѧ]”, inNovgorod Codex‎^[4] (in Old Church Slavonic),1010±15, page1, line 8
• Ретъко, editor (1025±50?), “земьꙗ [ɀємьꙗ]”, inCodex Suprasliensis‎^[5] (in Old Church Slavonic), page(leaf) 161.5, line 10
• “звѣрь [ɀвѣрь]”, inFragmenta Chilandarensia (in Old Church Slavonic),1051±50,page(leaf) 1, line 20
• “ѡбраза [ѡбрɑɀɑ]”, inEnina Apostle‎^[6] (in Old Church Slavonic),1051±50, page36, line 10

зꙁ ():

• Иоанъ, editor (1076), “золотьмь [ȥоʌотьмь]”, inИзборник 1076 года [Izbornik of 1076]‎^[7],page541 (271), line 1
• Иоанъ, editor (1076), “Знаѥмꙑꙗ[Ȥɴɑѥмꙑꙗ]”, inИзборник 1076 года [Izbornik of 1076]‎^[8],page31 (16), line 5
• Uncertain:“Знаемъ [ℤɴɑємъ?]”, inNovgorod Codex‎^[9] (in Old Church Slavonic),1010±15,ps. 72:2, page1, line 2

зꙁ ():

• Иоанъ, editor (1076), “раздаваи [раӡдɑвɑʜ]”, inИзборник 1076 года [Izbornik of 1076]‎^[10],page31 (16), line 5
• Capital?:“Земьна [ӡємьɴɑ]”, inPsalterium Tolstoianum [Tolstoy psalter] (in Old Church Slavonic),1100±100, page4, line 6

ѕꙃ ():

• “ѕвѣрие [ɀ̶вѣриє]”, inEnina Apostle‎^[11] (in Old Church Slavonic),1051±50, page36, line 10
• “поꙥьꙃѣ (ɀ/ȥ/ӡ)”, inFragmenta Chilandarensia (in Old Church Slavonic),1051±50,page(leaf) 2.5, line 9

ѕ "6":

• Григории, editor (1057), “вълѣт ·ѕ҃·ф҃·ѯ҃д· (leaf 294, line -5)”, inЕуглие [Ostromir Gospels]‎^[12] (in Old Church Slavonic), page294
• Иоанъ, editor (1076), “вълѣт :ѕ҃·ф҃??”, inИзборник 1076 года [Izbornik of 1076]‎^[13],page551 (276), line -5
• Tmutarakan stone (1084±16):въ лѣто ·ѕ҃·ф҃о҃ іні ѕ҃(vŭ lěto 6f:o: ini dz:,“in year 6570indiction 6 [1068]”)

Djerv (glag. ⰼ):^[2][3][4]

• cu:ангел-: -Supr[г] -Sav[г] -En[г] -Und[г] -Hil[г] (glag: ±Mar[g] +Zogr +Ass +Евх +Cloz +Боян +Kiev +Ryl -Sin[g])^[5]
  • Ретъко, editor (1025±50?), “г҄еѡна”, inCodex Suprasliensis‎^[14] (in Old Church Slavonic), page(leaf) 240, line 18
• cu:еванг-: -Supr[г] -Sav[г] -En[г] -Und[г] (glag: +Mar +Zogr +Ass +Евх +Cloz +Служ ?Боян ?Охр)^[6]

• Andreev, Aleksandr; Shardt, Yuri; Simmons, Nikita (4 November 2015), “Church Slavonic Typography in Unicode”, inUnicode Technical Notes: “2.1. Church Slavonic Letters”
• Script styles:uncial,ustav,poluustav,skoropis,civil
  • Greek uncial:Regius (801±100),Campianus (851±50),Petropolitanus (851±50),Cyprius (851±50),Porphyrius (862?),НБКМ Gr. 1 (901±100),НБКМ Gr. 2 (951±50),Trebizond (951±50)
  • Greek minuscule:Minuscule 268 (1101±100)
• Appendix:Church Slavonic manuscripts

• Lunt, Horace G.Old Church Slavonic Grammar, Seventh Edition, 2001.
• Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, eds. (1996).The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press.→ISBN.

• Old Cyrillic script
• Script appendices

• Translingual terms with non-redundant manual script codes
• Translingual terms with redundant script codes