This page is intended to give an overview of the declension types in Estonian, and to help editors find the right nominal declension table template.
The numbering system is based on the2018 edition of Õigekeelsussõnaraamat.
Individual | Collective | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | rìik | riigid |
Genitive | riigi | rìikide |
Partitive | rìiki | rìike, rìikisid |
Illative | rìiki | rìikidesse |
riigisse | ||
Inessive | riigis | rìikides |
Elative | riigist | rìikidest |
Allative | riigile | rìikidele |
Adessive | riigil | rìikidel |
Ablative | riigilt | rìikidelt |
Translative | riigiks | rìikideks |
Terminative | riigini | rìikideni |
Essive | riigina | rìikidena |
Abessive | riigita | rìikideta |
Comitative | riigiga | rìikidega |
Ending | Individual | Collective | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative (collective) | -d | - | Genitiveindividual |
Long illative | -sse | Genitiveindividual | Genitivecollective |
Inessive | -s | ||
Elative | -st | ||
Allative | -le | ||
Adessive | -l | ||
Ablative | -lt | ||
Translative | -ks | ||
Terminative | -ni | ||
Essive | -na | ||
Abessive | -ta | ||
Comitative | -ga |
Type | individual | collective | Wiktionary entries | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | genitive | partitive | illative | genitive | partitive | illative | |||||||
short | long | short | long | short | long | long | short | ||||||
1 | ohutu | ohutu | ohutut | ohutusse | ohutute | ohutuid | ohututesse | ohutuisse | 318 | ||||
e | vèski | vèski | vèskit | vèskisse | vèskite | vèskeid | vèskitesse | vèskeisse | |||||
2 | õpik | õpiku | õpikut | õpikusse | õpikute | õpikuid | õpikutesse | õpikuisse | 887 | ||||
e | minut | minuti | minutit | minutisse | minutite | minuteid | minutitesse | minuteisse | |||||
3 | vaher | vàhtra | vàhtrat | vàhtrasse | vàhtrate | vàhtraid | vàhtratesse | vàhtraisse | 15 | ||||
e | tanner | tàndri | tàndrit | tàndrisse | tàndrite | tàndreid | tàndritesse | tàndreisse | |||||
4 | ase | aseme | aset | asemesse | asemete | asemeid | asemetesse | asemeisse | 13 | ||||
5 | liige | lìikme | liiget | lìikmesse | lìikmete | lìikmeid | lìikmetesse | lìikmeisse | 30 | ||||
e | kallis | kàlli | kallist | kàllisse | kàllite | kàlleid | kàllitesse | kàlleisse | |||||
6 | mõte | mõ̀tte | mõtet | mõ̀ttesse | mõtete | mõ̀tteid | mõtetesse | mõ̀tteisse | 99 | ||||
7 | kallas | kàlda | kallast | kàldasse | kallaste | kàldaid | kallastesse | kàldaisse | 59 | ||||
e | rukis | rùkki | rukist | rùkkisse | rukiste | rùkkeid | rukistesse | rùkkeisse | |||||
8 | küünal | kȕünla | küünalt | kȕünlasse | küünalde | kȕünlaid | küünaldesse | kȕünlaisse | 17 | ||||
9 | katus | katuse | katust | katusesse | katuste | katuseid | katustesse | katuseisse | 155 | ||||
10 | soolane | soolase | soolast | soolasesse | soolaste | soolaseid | soolastesse | soolaseisse | 113 | ||||
11 | harjutus | harjutuse | harjutust | harjutusse | harjutusesse | harjutuste | harjutusi | harjutustesse | (harjutusisse) | 231 | |||
12 | oluline | olulise | olulist | olulisse | olulisesse | oluliste | olulisi | olulistesse | (olulisisse) | 197 | |||
13 | sùur | suure | sùurt | sùurde | suuresse | suurte | sùuri | suurtesse | (suurisse) | 62 | |||
14 | ùus | uue | ùut | ùude | uuesse | uute | ùusi | uutesse | (uusisse) | 20 | |||
15 | käsi | kȁe | kȁtt | kȁtte | kȁesse | käte | käsi | kätesse | (käsisse) | 10 | |||
16 | pere | pere | peret | pèrre | peresse | perede | peresid | peredesse | 151 | ||||
17 | elu | elu | elu | èllu | elusse | elude | elusid | eludesse | 198 | ||||
e | kivi | kivi | kivi | kìvvi | kivisse | kivide | kive | kivisid | kividesse | (kivesse) | 12 | ||
i | pesa | pesa | pesa | pèssa | pesasse | pesade | pesi | pesasid | pesadesse | (pesisse) | 13 | ||
u | saba | saba | saba | sàppa | sabasse | sabade | sabu | sabasid | sabadesse | (sabusse) | 41 | ||
18 | nägu | nȁo | nägu | nȁkku | nȁosse | nägude | nägusid | nägudesse | 36 | ||||
e | tuba | tòa | tuba | tùppa | tòasse | tubade | tube | tubasid | tubadesse | 13 | |||
u | sõda | sõja | sõda | sõ̀tta | sõjasse | sõdade | sõdu | sõdasid | sõdadesse | (sõjusse) | 18 | ||
19 | seminar | seminari | seminari | seminari | seminarisse | seminaride | seminare | (seminarisid) | seminaridesse | (seminaresse) | 121 | ||
20 | süli | süle | süle | sȕlle | sülesse | sülede | sülesid | süledesse | 10 | ||||
21 | jõgi | jõ̀e | jõge | jõ̀kke | jõ̀esse | jõgede | jõgesid | jõgedesse | 18 | ||||
22 | põ̀u | põue | põ̀ue | põ̀ue | põuesse | põ̀uede | põ̀uesid | põ̀uedesse | 5 | ||||
e | rìik | riigi | rìiki | rìiki | riigisse | rìikide | rìike | rìikisid | rìikidesse | (riigesse) | 968 | ||
i | kȕlm | külma | kȕlma | kȕlma | külmasse | kȕlmade | kȕlmi | kȕlmasid | kȕlmadesse | (külmisse) | 225 | ||
u | lèib | leiva | lèiba | lèiba | leivasse | lèibade | lèibu | lèibasid | lèibadesse | (leivusse) | 141 | ||
23 | e | pòiss | poisi | pòissi | pòissi | poisisse | poiste | (pòisside) | pòisse | pòissisid | poistesse | (pòissidesse) | 4 |
i | kòer | koera | kòera | kòera | koerasse | koerte | (kòerade) | kòeri | kòerasid | koertesse | (kòeradesse) | ||
u | hèin | heina | hèina | hèina | heinasse | heinte | (hèinade) | hèinu | hèinasid | heintesse | (hèinadesse) | ||
24 | puri | purje | pùrje | pùrje | purjesse | pùrjede | pùrjesid | pùrjedesse | 4 | ||||
e | tühi | tühja | tȕhja | tȕhja | tühjasse | tȕhjade | tȕhje | tȕhjasid | tȕhjadesse | (tühjesse) | |||
i | oder | odra | òtra | òtra | odrasse | òtrade | òtri | òtrasid | òtradesse | (odrisse) | |||
u | padi | padja | pàtja | pàtja | padjasse | pàtjade | pàtju | pàtjasid | pàtjadesse | (padjusse) | |||
25 | õnnelìk | ~liku | ~lìkku | ~lìkku | ~likusse | ~like | (~lìkkude) | ~lìkke | (~lìkkusid) | ~likesse | (~lìkkudesse) | 96 | |
26 | kòi | kòi | kòid | kòisse | kòide | kòisid | kòidesse | 43 | |||||
i | idèe | idèe | idèed | idèesse | idèede | idèid | idèesid | idèedesse | (idèisse) | 120 |
Prosody | Ending | Inflection | Additional notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GEN | PRT stem | GEN | PRT | Type | Subtype | |
Simple | Simple | * | * | elu | - | the simplest pattern of inflection, the three basic forms (NOM/GEN/PRT) of which are identical |
nägu | GEN downgraded by weakening the consonant sandwiched between the vowels | |||||
t | pere | - | similar toelu, but ending in "t" in PRT; however, GEN collective ending in "de" aselu does | |||
d | kòi | PRT of the words whose final syllable is open and overlong, ending in "d" | ||||
e | * | süli | - | similar toelu, except the endings of GEN and PRT change to "e" | ||
jõgi | similar tonägu, except the endings of GEN and PRT change to "e" | |||||
d | meri | - | similar tosüli, except its PRT form ends in "d", with "e" syncopated thus becoming overlong | |||
t | sùur | - | GEN ending in "e", while PRT in "t" without "e"; its stem of GEN collective in weak form of NOM | |||
ùus | similar tosuur, except the ending "s" disappears in all weak forms | |||||
käsi | similar touus, except for several slight differences due to its simple NOM form | |||||
harjutus | - | having short illative and PRT collective; same goes witholuline, with "n" changing to "s" | ||||
i | * | seminar | - | similar toharjutus, but its short illative being identical to its PRT | ||
Complex | + | * | rìik | - | GEN downgraded with an extra vowel, while PRT upgraded to become overlong | |
kòer | with NOM ending in sibilant, nasal or lateral, its stem of GEN collective in weak form of NOM | |||||
tühi | weak NOM and GEN, and upgraded PRT | |||||
oder | similar totühi, except for the syncopation in GEN | |||||
u | -lìk | similar toriik, except for the GEN collective by weakened PRT collective via back-formation | ||||
Complex | Complex | * | t | ohutu | - | the simplest pattern of inflection for prosodically complex words |
+ | õpik | - | similar toohutu, when a vowel being added hence the final syllable becoming open | |||
vaher | syncopated when a new vowel is added in GEN, causing the first syllable to become overlong | |||||
e | katus | similar toharjutus, but, prosodically complex, short illative not applicable; same goes withsoolane, with "n" changing to "s" | ||||
-s | kallas | - | GEN upgraded to become overlong; the ending "s" being removed | |||
+ | küünal | syncopated when a new vowel is added in GEN; GEN collective ending in "de" rather than "te" | ||||
Simple | * | mõte | mostly ending in "e", which is derived from a special historical suffix | |||
me | liige | - | "me"/"mne" replacing "e"/"me" to make GEN overlong; GEN collective following GEN individual | |||
ase | "me" directly attached to the rear, therefore not making GEN overlong |