This form of pronoun attaches directly to the preceding word, and means different things depending on what it is attached to.
When attached to a noun, it indicates thepossessor of the noun.
When attached to a verb of the suffix conjugation, it indicates thesubject of the verb.
When attached to an infinitive verb (especially of an intransitive verb) whose subject is not otherwise expressed, it indicates thesubject of the verb.
When attached to a transitive infinitive verb whose subject is otherwise expressed or omitted, it indicates theobject of the verb.
In the third person, when attached to a prospective participle, it indicates gender and number agreement.
When attached to a particle likejw or a parenthetic likeḫr, it indicates thesubject of the clause.
When attached to a preposition, it indicates theobject of the preposition.
When it follows a relative adjective such asntj orntt, it indicates thesubject of the relative clause (except in the first person singular and third person common).
1 Only when attached to a dual noun or prospective participle. 2 Only in formal texts, especially religious texts. 3 Only in postclassical (Neo-Middle Egyptian) texts.
In Late Egyptian this pronoun is replaced by.w in most texts. This process starts with the objects of prepositions and then instances of the pronoun attached tojw. However, in more formal texts,.sn remains in use.
James P[eter] Allen (2010),Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,page50.
Junge, Friedrich (2005),Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page52
↑1.01.1Loprieno, Antonio (1995),Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,page64
