Inherited fromProto-Bantu*-jí-(“Class 10 object concord”). Cognate withTumbuka-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”),Yao-si-(“Class 10 object concord”),Swahili-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”) andTooro-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”).
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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*-jí-(“Class 10 object concord”). Cognate withTooro-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”),Chichewa-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”),Tumbuka-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”), andYao-si-(“Class 10 object concord”).
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| class | subject concord | object concord | relative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| affirmative | negative | |||
| m(I) | a-,yu- | ha-,hayu- | -m-,-mw-,-mu- | -ye |
| wa(II) | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
| m(III) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
| mi(IV) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
| ji(V) | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
| ma(VI) | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
| ki(VII) | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
| vi(VIII) | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
| n(IX) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
| n(X) | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
| u(XI) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
| ku(XV/XVII) | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
| pa(XVI) | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
| mu(XVIII) | m-,mw-,mu- | ham-,hamw-,hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
For a full table including first and second person,
seeAppendix:Swahili personal pronouns
Inherited fromProto-Bantu*-jí-(“Class 10 object concord”). Cognate withSwahili-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”),Chichewa-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”),Tumbuka-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”) andYao-si-(“Class 10 object concord”).
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| class | person | independent | possessive | subject concord | object concord | combined forms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| na | ni | ||||||
| class 1 | first | nyowe,nye | -ange | n- | -n- | nanyowe,nanye | ninyowe,ninye |
| second | iwe | -awe | o- | -ku- | naiwe | niiwe | |
| third | uwe | -e | a- | -mu- | nawe | nuwe | |
| class 2 | first | itwe | -aitu | tu- | -tu- | naitwe | niitwe |
| second | inywe | -anyu | mu- | -ba- | nainywe | niinywe | |
| third | bo | -abo | ba- | -ba- | nabo | nubo | |
| class 3 | gwo | -agwo | gu- | -gu- | nagwo | nugwo | |
| class 4 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo | |
| class 5 | lyo | -alyo | li- | -li- | nalyo | niryo | |
| class 6 | go | -ago | ga- | -ga- | nago | nugo | |
| class 7 | kyo | -akyo | ki- | -ki- | nakyo | nikyo | |
| class 8 | byo | -abyo | bi- | -bi- | nabyo | nibyo | |
| class 9 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo | |
| class 10 | zo | -azo | zi- | -zi- | nazo | nizo | |
| class 11 | rwo | -arwo | ru- | -ru- | narwo | nurwo | |
| class 12 | ko | -ako | ka- | -ka- | nako | nuko | |
| class 13 | two | -atwo | tu- | -tu- | natwo | nutwo | |
| class 14 | bwo | -abwo | bu- | -bu- | nabwo | nubwo | |
| class 15 | kwo | -akwo | ku- | -ku- | nakwo | nukwo | |
| class 16 | ho | -aho | ha- | -ha- | naho | nuho | |
| class 17 | (kwo) | N/A | ha- (...-yo) | -ha- | N/A | nukwo | |
| class 18 | (mwo) | -amwo | ha- (...-mu) | -ha- | N/A | numwo | |
| reflexive | -enyini,-onyini | — | -e- | — | |||
Inherited fromProto-Bantu*-jí-(“Class 10 object concord”). Cognate withChichewa-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”),Yao-si-(“Class 10 object concord”),Tooro-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”) andSwahili-zi-(“Class 10 object concord”).
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