• IPA^(key): /i/

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• -e,-ey,-ie
• -i-(when followed by another suffix)

FromMiddle English-y,-i, fromOld English-iġ(“-y, -ic”,suffix), fromProto-West Germanic*-g, fromProto-Germanic*-īgaz(“-y, -ic”), fromProto-Indo-European*-kos,*-ikos,*-iḱos(“-y, -ic”).

Cognate withScots-ie(“-y”),West Frisian-ich(“-y”),Dutch-ig(“-y”),Low German-ig(“-y”),German-ig(“-y”),Swedish-ig(“-y”),Gothic-𐌹𐌲𐍃(-igs,“-y”),Latin-icus(“-y, -ic”),Ancient Greek-ικός(-ikós),Sanskrit-इक(-ika).Doublet of-ac and-ic.

-y

2. Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.

   ‎mess + ‎-y → ‎messy

   ‎mouse + ‎-y → ‎mousy

   ‎blue + ‎-y → ‎bluey

   ‎clay + ‎-y → ‎clayey

   ‎tree + ‎-y → ‎treey

   ‎hole + ‎-y → ‎holey

   ‎sponge + ‎-y → ‎spongy

   ‎cake + ‎-y → ‎caky

   ‎dice + ‎-y → ‎dicey

   • 2003,Cory Doctorow,Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom‎^[1], Macmillan,→ISBN:

     Tim keeps trying to make it all more impressionistic, less computer-y.

3. Added to verbs to form adjectives meaning "inclined to".

   ‎run + ‎-y → ‎runny

   ‎panic + ‎-y → ‎panicky

   ‎twiddle + ‎-y → ‎twiddly

• This suffix is extremely productive and can be added to almost any word. When the resulting word is not perceived to be an established or formal word (but rather anonce word or acasualism), a hyphen is often used before the suffix (sandcastle →sandcastle-y,tomato-y, etc.); this is sometimes also used when an established term is used very literally, as a form of clarification (fuzz →fuzz-y(“fuzz-like”), distinct fromfuzzy(“covered in fuzz”)).
• A few long-established words ending with this suffix have distinctive spellings, such aswintry andfiery, which English learners might misspell as*wintery and*firey.

• (form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”):-al,-an,-ial,-ian,-ly,-ous
• (form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”):-esque,-ish,-like,-ly,-oid

• (antonym(s) of“form “having quality of” adjectives”):-less

Note: translations of English words ending in-y do not necessarily end in the suffixes listed below.

Cognate withScots-ie, being inherited directly from the same sourceMiddle English-ie,-i, fromOld English-iġ(“-ie, -y”,diminutive suffix), fromProto-West Germanic*-ij-,*-j-(diminutive suffix). CompareDutch-je(diminutive suffix),German Low German-je(diminutive suffix),German-i(diminutive suffix).

• -ie,-ey,-ee

-y

2. Formingdiminutive nouns.

   granny,pinny,tummy

4. Forming familiar names, pet names, nicknames and terms of endearment.

   Andy,Billy,Johnny,Jonesy,lovey

6. Added formetrical reasons to songs, often in children's music where it may carry diminutive associations.

• (diminutive):mini-,micro-,nano-,-ette,-ee,-icle/-cule/-ule/-ole

Note: translations of English words ending in-y do not necessarily end in the suffixes listed below.

FromMiddle English-y,-ie,-ee,-e, fromAnglo-Norman andMiddle French-ie and-é, fromLatin-ia,-ium,-tās,Ancient Greek-ίᾱ(-íā),-ειᾰ(-eiă),-ιον(-ion).Cognate (as far asLatin-ia is involved) withGerman-ei andDutch-ij.

-y

2. Formingabstract nouns denoting acondition,quality, orstate.

   ‎modest + ‎-y → ‎modesty

   ‎honest + ‎-y → ‎honesty

   ‎-nym + ‎-y → ‎-nymy

   as in‎toponym + ‎-y → ‎toponymy

   ‎-logue + ‎-y → ‎-logy

   as in‎analogue + ‎-y → ‎analogy

3. Used in the name of some locations which end in-ia in Latin.

   Italy,Germany,Saxony,Hungary,Sicily,Lombardy,Tuscany,Albany,Brittany,Gascony,Burgundy,Picardy,Normandy,Romandy,Savoy,Muscovy,Tartary,Arcady,Thessaly,Troy,Turkey.

• -ery

Note: translations of English words ending in-y do not necessarily end in the suffixes listed below.

• IPA^(key): /-j/ [-j]

-y

1. Used to form an interrogative copulative sentence:is it?

   Qafár af macáy? ―Whatis the Afar language?

• IPA^(key): /-j/ [-j]

-y

1. Used to join together noun phrases:and,also
   • Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎^[2], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 1:

     Fulte Racmattaay, Gunê Racmattale Yallih Migaaqal Qimbisa.

     I begin in the name of God, who gives mercyand surpasses mercy.

• When following a short vowel,-y lengthens that vowel:

  ‎gaalá(“camel”) + ‎-y → ‎gaaláay(“and the camels”)

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985)An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London,→ISBN, page282; 292
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015)L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[3], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page447

• -ye

• IPA^(key): /i/

-y

1. him,her,it(third-person singular indirect pronoun)

   Da-y pan

   Givehim bread

It is always spelled with the hyphen, unlike other pronouns in the language.

• -yos,-ys (third-person plural indirect pronoun)

-y (adverb-forming suffix)

1. -ly:from adjectives forms adverbs

   ‎logický + ‎-y → ‎logicky

• -y inSlovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

• (modern Egyptological)IPA^(key): /iː/
  • Conventional anglicization:-y

1. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian)Forms thepluralimperative of verbs, particularlyweak verbs.
2. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian)Optionally used to form thesubjunctive ofweak verbs.

The plural imperative can also appear without this suffix, in a form identical to the singular imperative.

1. Forms agent nouns from verbs.

1. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian)Optionally marks the masculine imperfective active participle, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of-y  

-j

1. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian)Optionally marks the masculine singular perfective passive participle of strong verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of-y  

-w	-w

1. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian)Optionally marks the perfective passive participle of weak verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
2. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian)Optionally marks the perfective relative form of weak verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
3. (Late Egyptian)Marks the perfective passive participle of mostly third-weak transitive verbs, following the stem.
4. (Late Egyptian)Occasionally marks the perfective active participle of mostly third-weak transitive verbs, following the stem.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of-y  

-yꜣ	-yt
Late Egyptian	Late Egyptian

1. (Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian)Rarely marks the imperfective relative form of all verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of-y  

-w	-w

• James P[eter] Allen (2010)Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,pages328–329, 354.
• Junge, Friedrich (2005)Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page66

-y

1. Front vowel variant of-u.

• (Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key): /-y/,[-y]
• (Soikkola)IPA^(key): /-y/,[-y]

-y

1. Front vowel variant of-u

-y

1. Alternative form of-i(used after “hard” consonants).

FromOld English-iġ, fromProto-West Germanic*-g, fromProto-Germanic*-gaz, fromProto-Indo-European*-kos.Doublet of-ik.

• -e,-eg,-ege,-ey,-i,-ich,-iche,-ie,-ig,-ige,-iȝ,-iȝe,-ik,-ike,-ye

• IPA^(key): /-iː/

-y

2. Designates an adjective, in many cases formed by being appended to a noun.

• English:-y,-ie,-ey
• Scots:-ie,-y

• “-i,,suf.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved20 June 2018.
• “-i(e,suf.(2).”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved20 June 2018.

-y

1. Alternative form of-yf

-y

1. Alternative form of-ie

• -i(“after consonants”)

-y (plural-iṭ)

1. Used to form the imperative mood of verbs

• María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s)Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎^[4], Unpublished

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*-ъjь, the definite form of hard-stem adjectives. See*jь.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE)/ɨː/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE)/ɨ/

-y

1. forms adjectives

• Polish:-y

Inherited fromOld Polish-y.

• IPA^(key): /ɘ/
• Rhymes:-ɘ
• Syllabification:[please specify syllabification manually]
• Homophones:y,-y-

-y

1. forms adjectives