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-m

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "m"

Afar

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-m

  1. Used to form (pro)nouns taking on the quality of the suffixed determiners, numbers, verbs and nouns.
    (my) + ‎-m → ‎yím(mine (my something))

Usage notes

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  • When added to a noun, the suffix is added to a genitive:
    áwka(boy) + ‎-m → ‎awkím(the boy's thing)

Derived terms

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References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985)An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London,→ISBN, page236

Estonian

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Finnic*-mpi, cognate toFinnish-mpi.

Suffix

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-m

  1. Formscomparativeadjectives.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Finnic*-ma, cognate toFinnish-ma.

Suffix

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-m

  1. Forms nouns from verbs.
    koguma(to collect)kogum(collection, complex, group of items or objects)
    valima(to select)valim(sample (in statistics))
    hõljuma(to float)hõljum(plankton)
Derived terms
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Hungarian

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Etymology 1

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Possibly fromProto-Uralic*mᴕ̈(I); see alsoén(I). Cognate withNorthern Mansi(-m,my).

Suffix

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-m

  1. (possessive suffix)my(first-person singular, single possession)
  2. (personal suffix)First-person singular personal suffix:
    1. Definite forms of transitive verbs (followed by a linking vowel in indicative present/past and subjunctive moods; with no linking vowel in conditional mood).
      tud(to know) → ‎tudom,tudtam,tudjam,tudnám(I know / knew / should know / would know it)
      kér(to ask [for sth]) → ‎kérem,kértem,kérjem,kérném(I ask / asked / should ask / would ask for it)
    2. Indefinite forms of-ik verbs.
      alszik(to sleep) + ‎-m → ‎alszom(I sleep)
    3. Forming conjugated infinitives (here: “for me to do something”).
      tanulni(to study) + ‎-m → ‎tanulnom kell(I need to study, literallyfor_me_to_study is_necessary)
      Csakkérnem kell.AllI have to do is ask [for it]. (literally, “only for_me_to_ask is_necessary”)
    4. Declined and postpositional forms of the first-person personal pronounén(I).
      -ban/-ben(in) + ‎-m → ‎bennem(inme)
      elé(in front of) + ‎-m → ‎elém(in front ofme)
Usage notes
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  • (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -m is added to words ending in a vowel. Final-a changes to-á-. Final-e changes to-é-.
    hajó(boat) + ‎-m → ‎ahajóm(my boat)
    kocsi(car) + ‎-m → ‎akocsim(my car)
    palota(palace) + ‎-m → ‎apalotám(my palace)
    érme(coin) + ‎-m → ‎azérmém(my coin)
    -am is added tosome back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    ház(house) + ‎-am → ‎aházam(my house)
    -om is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    kor(age) + ‎-om → ‎akorom(my age)
    -em is added to unrounded (andsome rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    kert(garden) + ‎-em → ‎akertem(my garden)
    fül(ear) + ‎-em → ‎afülem(my ear)
    -öm is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    öröm(joy) + ‎-öm → ‎azörömöm(my joy)

Etymology 2

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It can be traced back to theProto-Uralic*-m.[1]

Suffix

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-m

  1. (noun-forming suffix, obsolete) Added to a verb (or rarely to a noun) to form a noun. No longer productive in this sense.
    öröm,álom,folyam
    alom,orom,m
  2. (frequentative verb-forming suffix, obsolete) No longer productive in this sense.
    élemedett(elderly)

See also

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References

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  1. ^-m in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.).Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006,→ISBN.  (See alsoits 2nd edition.)

Ilocano

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Pronoun

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-m

  1. Alternative form of-mo(used before vowels and suffixes-en and-an)

See also

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Ilocano personal pronouns
PersonNumberAbsolutiveErgativeObliquePossessive
DisjunctiveEncliticEnclitic3bági formkukua form
Firstsingularsiak-ak-ko,-kkaniakbagikkukuak,kuak
dualdata,sita1-takaniata,kadatabagitakukuata
plural inclusivedatayo,sitayo1-tayo,-taykaniatayo,kadatayobagitayokukuatayo
plural exclusivedakami,sikami1-kami,-kam-mikaniami,kadakamibagimikukuami
Secondsingularsika-ka-mo,-mkaniam,kenkabagimkukuam
pluraldakayo,sikayo1-kayo,-kay-yokaniayo,kadakayobagiyokukuayo
Thirdsingularisu,isunaØ2-nakaniana,kenkuanabaginakukuana
pluralisuda-dakaniada,kadakuadabagidakukuada
1Regional variants.
2Null morpheme: there is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctivesisu orisuna may also be used.
3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.
Fused enclitics
ActorPatient
siakdatadatayodakamisikadakayoisu5isuda
siakbagik4-ka-kayo-ko,-k-koida,-kida
databagita4-ta-taida
datayobagitayo4-tayo-tayoida
dakamibagimi4-daka-dakayo-mi-miida
sika-nak-nakamibagim4-mo,-m-moida,-mida
dakayo-dak-data-dakamibagiyo4-yo-yoida
isu-nak-nata-natayo-nakami-naka-nakayobagina4,-na-naida
isuda-dak-data-datayo-dakami-daka-dakayo-dabagida4,-daida
4Reflexive pronouns use thebagí form.
5isu orisuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.

Marshallese

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-m

  1. and

References

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Northern Kurdish

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Suffix

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-m

  1. first-person singular suffix
    m ('I come.')
    çûm ('I went.')

Alternative forms

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  • -im (after a consonant)

Old Irish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*-mus.[1]

Suffix

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-m m

  1. Forms verbal nouns of A III (hiatus) verbs

Inflection

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Masculine u-stem
singulardualplural
nominative-m-mL-mae
vocative-m-mL-mu
accusative-mN-mL-mu
genitive-moH,-maH-mo,-ma-maeN
dative-mL-maib-maib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

References

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  1. ^Gordon, Randall Clark (2012)Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages108-111

Phalura

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-m

  1. Plural suffix (with m-declension nouns)

References

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  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “-m”, inPalula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives,→ISBN

Polish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /m/
  • Rhymes:-m
  • Syllabification:[please specify syllabification manually]

Etymology 1

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From earlier-śm, a contraction ofOld Polishjeśm, fromProto-Slavic*esmь.

Suffix

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-m

  1. past-tense first-person singular suffix
    robić + ‎-m → ‎robiłem
    oglądać + ‎-m → ‎oglądałem
Alternative forms
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  • -em(after a consonant)

See also

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Etymology 2

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Inherited fromOld Polish-m, fromProto-Slavic[Term?], fromProto-Indo-European[Term?].

Suffix

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-m

  1. first-person singular suffix
    oglądać + ‎-m → ‎oglądam

Further reading

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  • -m in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Quechua

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-m

  1. Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.
    Ñuqaruna simitamrimani.Qusqumantamkani.
    I speakQuechua. I am fromCuzco.
  2. Used to mark anopen-endedquestion; lessformal than-taq.
    Maymantamkanki?
    Where are you from?

See also

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Turkish

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Suffix

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-m

  1. First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a vowel.
    kedi -kedim
    cat - my cat

Usage notes

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Uzbek

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Suffix

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postconsonantal-im
postvocalic-m

-m (Cyrillic spelling)

  1. Form of-im after a vowel.
    Bu ruchkam.
    This ismy ball pen.
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