-li

1. forms diminutives of nouns

-li (class I first-person singular subject marker)

1. I(subject of an active transitive or active intransitive verb)

-li (transitive-forming verb suffix)

1. forms or indicates an active transitive verb

-li (verb-forming suffix)

1. forms or indicates an active transitive verb

-li (class I first-person singular)

1. thesubject of an active transitive verb

   I

2. thesubject of anactive intransitive verb

   I

Cognate toClassical Nahuatl-lin

-li

1. a suffix that makes nouns.

-li

1. Alternative spelling of-lli.

-li

1. Clitic form ofle(“to him, to her, to them”)

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021)Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published2022,→ISBN

-la +‎-i(nominal suffix)

• IPA^(key): /-li/,[-li]

-li

1. Forms diminutive nouns.

Preceding-a-,-ä-,-i- usually changes to-e- (compare-ella).

• -eli

-la +‎-i(i-lative singular)

• IPA^(key): /-li(ˣ)/,[-li(ʔ)]

-li

1. Forms someterminative adverbs.

Cognate withAlemannic German-li.

-li n

1. (Southern Germany, Switzerland)suffix used to create adiminutive form

   Synonym:-lein

• Mütterli

• (Nuuk)IPA^(key): /-li/,[-lɪ]

-li (v-v^?,additive^?)

1. (intransitive, with stative verbs) [verb]more
2. (transitive, with stative verbs) cause to [verb] more

Fusions with three verbs in the following manner:

angivoq(“be large”) →allivoq(“become larger”),allivaa(“make larger, enlarge”)

mikivoq(“be small”) →millivoq(“become smaller, shrink”),millivaa(“make smaller”)

takivoq(“be long”) →tallivoq(“become longer”),tallivaa(“make longer”)

-li

1. but
   • "Tasiilami efterskoleqalernissaa Jakob Sivertsen-ip sulissutigaa",Atuagagdliutit

     Kalaallit Nunaanniefterskoleliortiternissaqpiumassuseqarfigineqarpoq,aningaasassaqartinneqanngillalli

• Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 118-119, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014

• -ri(Owerri, Umuahia)

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

• Rhymes:-iː

-li

1. Used to formsimple past tenses ofverbs.

   melili (as inRoger Federer melili Yoshihito Nishioka na US Open.)

-li

1. (enclitic)Alternative form ofli

   dare(“to give”) →darli(“to give them”)

   vendere(“to sell”) →venderli(“to sell them”)

   servire(“to serve”) →servirli(“to serve them”)

• Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to accusative dative forms when the object is third plural masculine person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are →-arli

-ere →-erli

-ire →-irli

Where the verb ends in-rre, the finalre is removed, leaving behind just an-r:

introdurre(“to introduce”) →introdurli(“to introduce them”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a singler and no vowels immediately before-li.

• il,il-

-lī

1. inflection of-lus:
   1. nominative/vocativemasculineplural
   2. genitivemasculine/neutersingular

• -lic

FromProto-Slavic*-li; cognate withUpper Sorbian-li,Polish-li,Czech-li.

• IPA^(key): /li/,[lʲi]

-li

1. used after a verb form to introduce apolar question

   Spiš-li? ―Are you sleeping?

   Sy-li Bóžy syn? ―Are you the Son of God?

   Wiźiš-li to? ―Do you see that?

-li

1. if

   Synonyms:joli,gaž,gaby

   Coš-li, ga móžoš. ―If you want, then you may.

   Jo-li tam, ga jo derje. ―If he’s there, then it’s all right.

   Zmejoš-li pjeńeze, dosć změjoš pśijaśelow. ―If you have money, you’ll have plenty of friends.

   Maš-li to na mysli, ga cyń. ―If you’re thinking of it, do it.

• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “-li”, inDolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

lil +‎-i

• IPA^(key): /lɪ/

-li

1. tome

-li

1. Alternative form of-ly(“adjectival suffix”)

-li

1. Alternative form of-ly(“adverbial suffix”)

-li

1. (diminutive) -ling, -let

• Hundli
• Wutzli

-li (first person dual nominative,bound form ofngali)

1. we two

Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act asclitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctionska ormunu if present.

• IPA^(key): /li/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-i
• Syllabification:[please specify syllabification manually]

-li

1. (dated)interrogative particle: introduces ayes-no question

   Synonym:czy

2. (dated)emphatic particle

   Synonyms:-że,-no,-ci,-to

-li

1. virilenominative/vocativeplural of-ły

• -li in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Inherited fromOttoman Turkishـلی(-li), from earlierـلو(-li), fromProto-Turkic*-lig.

• IPA^(key): /li/,/ˈli/

-li

1. with,containing;forms adjectives from nouns. This usage is treated as a "case suffix" and is separated from proper nouns by an apostrophe.

   Antonym:-siz

   ‎kafein(“caffeine”) + ‎-li → ‎kafeinli(“caffeinated, containing caffeine”)

2. of,from;of a nation or place. This usage is treated as a "word-forming suffix" and is not separated from proper nouns by an apostrophe. The demonym formed this way functions equally as an adjective and as a noun. It is commonly encountered in surnames derived from the names of towns and cities.

   ‎İstanbul(“Istanbul”) + ‎-li → ‎İstanbullu(“[a person] from Istanbul”)

   ‎Tokat(“a city in northernAnatolia”) + ‎-li → ‎Tokatlı(“[a person] from Tokat”)

3. Added to sports organizations to form names for their fans.

   ‎Ardahanspor(“a soccer team”) + ‎-li → ‎Ardahansporlu(“a person who supports this team”)

• Stress is carried onto the suffix when appended to a word with stress on the last syllable:

  üzüm/yˈzym/ becomesüzümlü/y.zymˈly/;Kars/ˈkaɾs/ becomesKarslı/kaɾsˈɫɯ/

• Stress doesn't shift when appended to a word that is stressed elsewhere:

  çikolata/t͡ʃi.koˈɫa.ta/ becomesçikolatalı/t͡ʃi.koˈɫa.ta.ɫɯ/;Bursa/ˈbuɾ.sa/ becomesBursalı/ˈbuɾ.sa.ɫɯ/

• Ladino:-li
• Greek:-λής(-lís)

Inherited fromChagataiـلیغ(-lığ),ـلیک(-lig),ـلوغ(-luğ),ـلوک(-lüg), fromProto-Turkic*-lig.

-li

1. used to form descriptive adjectives from nouns

• IPA^(key): [li]

FromMandarin裡／里 (“inside”).

-li

1. Marks thelocative case:
   1. in,at(location of an action)

      ggaiggan lhokang-li huaiqa kan-di-li.

      The teacher is reading a bookin the classroom.

      (Quoted in Sandman, p. 52)

   2. to(direction of an action; optional for place names)

      ngu rongbo-li qhi-zhe.

      I am goingto Longwu.

      (Quoted in Sandman, p. 52)

Janhunen et al. speculates that this is fromMandarin來／来 (“to come”).

-li

1. Anevidential suffix, marking that the subject has personally experienced the event/situation but that they were not personally responsible for instigating the event/situation, or did not have full control over the experience.

• Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008)Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume466, LINCOM Europa,→ISBN
• Erika Sandman (2016)A Grammar of Wutun‎^[2], University of Helsinki (PhD),→ISBN

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