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-ka-

Malagasy

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "ka"

Sena

Alternative forms

-kha-

Etymology

Cognate withTumbuka-ka-(“past tense infix”).

Infix

-ka-

Infix for forming the imperfect tense or aspect.

References

W. G. Anderson (1897),An Introductory Grammar of the Sena Language‎^[1], Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, page25

Swahili

Other scripts
Ajami	ـكَـ

Infix

-ka-

consecutive marker (indicative and subjunctive)
walikuja wakala ―they arrivedand then they ate
- 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir,Al-Inkishafi‎^[2], translation fromR. Allen (1946), “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, inAfrican Studies, volume 5, number 4,→DOI, pages243–249, stanza17:
  اَسِفِدِ يَبُ اِلاَّ شَقَوَا ، اِكَوَ مَيُتُ يَسِ مْسِيِ
  Asifidi yambo ila shaqawa, ikawa mayuto yasi msiye.
  he gains nought but troubleand endless regret

Conjugation

**Conjugation of-ka-**
		singular	plural
1st person		nika-	tuka-
2nd person		uka-	mka-
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	aka-	waka-
	m-mi_(III/IV)	uka-	ika-
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	lika-	yaka-
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	kika-	vika-
	n_(IX/X)	ika-	zika-
	u_(XI)	uka-	seen_(X) orma_(VI)
	ku_(XV/XVII)	kuka-
	pa_(XVI)	paka-
	mu_(XVIII)	mka-

For more information, seeAppendix:Swahili verbs.

See also

Swahili TAM markers

Initial
- Positive infinitive:ku-/kw-¹
- Negative infinitive:kuto-
- Habitual:hu-¹
- Telegrammic:ka-¹
Final
- General (positive indicative):-a
- Positive subjunctive:-e
- Negative present:-i
- Second person plural:-ni
Infix position positive subject concord
- Positive past:-li-
- Positive present:-na-
- Positive future:-ta-
- Negative subjunctive:-si-¹
- Positive present conditional:-nge-
- Negative present conditional:-singe-
- Positive past conditional:-ngali-
- Negative past conditional:-singali-
- Gnomic:-a-¹
- Perfect:-me-
- "Already" past:-lisha-
- "Already" present:-mesha-/-sha-
- "If/When":-ki-¹
- "If not":-sipo-
- Consecutive:-ka-¹
Infix position negative subject concord
- Negative past:-ku-¹
- Negative future:-ta-
- "Not yet":-ja-¹
- Negative present conditional:-nge-
- Negative past conditional:-ngali-
Relative
- Past:-li-
- Present:-na-
- Future:-taka-
- Negative:-si-

¹ Can take stress and therefore does not require-ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs.

Tumbuka

Etymology

Cognate withSena-ka-(“Continuant past infix”).

Infix

-ka-

Forms the past tense in verbs.

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