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-ern

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:ern,ERN,andErn

English

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Etymology

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In form, fromMiddle English-erne,-ern,-ren,-ron (northern(e),northron,so(u)thern(e),sothron, etc), fromOld English-erne (norþerne, etc), fromProto-Germanic *-r- (probably from rebracketing of *nurþrōnijaz etc) +*-ōnijaz, whence alsoOld High German-rōni,Old Saxon-rōni,Old Norse-rǿnn /Old Norse-ǿnn. In practice, possibly a back-formation fromnorthern,southern, etc.

(Contrast the-ern inhāliġern, etc., which is related toærn(“place”).)

Suffix

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-ern

(nonstandard outside fossilized words)Added to the names of directions to form adjectives.

German

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [-ɐn]
Audio: (file)
Audio(Germany (Berlin)): (file)

Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-ern

(now rarely productive)iterative suffix, used to form verbs from other verbs
Synonym:-eln
used to form verbs from nouns, often with an additional prefix
‎be- + ‎Weihrauch(“incense”) + ‎-ern → ‎beweihräuchern(“to incense”)

Etymology 2

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Extended form of-en, generalised from such forms assilbern,kupfern,ledern, originally alsoeisern, in which-er is part of the stem.

Suffix

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-ern

-en,made of (used to form adjectives from nouns)
‎Glas(“glass”) + ‎-ern → ‎gläsern(“glassen”)

Etymology 3

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Equivalent to-er(plural suffix) +-n(dative plural suffix). The former was originally a stem extension, so it could be followed by another declensional suffix.

Suffix

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-ern

Dative plural suffix for nouns that form the plural in-er.
der Mann – den Männern ―the man – to the men

Usage notes

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Can be considered a suffix or a series of two suffixes. In words where-er is part of the singular (e.g.denRechnern) only the latter interpretation is possible.