• -hna(Gheg)

Related tomë,mu,mua(“me”) andim(“my, mine”).-em is theTosk and StandardAlbanian variant of theGheg personalsuffix-na(“I, me”). The suffix-em(“I, me”) indicates the 1st person singular,mediopassive,present (same as Gheg-na). Used the same way asGreek verb suffix "-μαι/-mai"(also 1st pers., sg.,mediopassive,indicative,present).

• IPA^(key): /em/ (Standard)

-em

1. (personal suffix) used to form the 1st person singularpresenttense of verbs inmediopassive voice (indicativemood).
2. Formsverbs inmediopassive voice fromactive voice

   activebëj(“I do, make, appear”) + h (mediopassive marker) +-em →mediopassivebëhem(“I become, turn into”)

   activezbeh(“I make white(er), pale(er)”) +-em →mediopassivezbehem(“I'm getting pale(er), white(er)”)

3. Formsmediopassiveverbs fromadjectives

   adjectiveshkurt(“short”) + o-steem + h (mediopassive marker) +-em →mediopassive verbshkurtohem(“I become shorter”)

• StandardAlbanian/Tosk personal suffixes for verbs:

• -hem
• -hna
• -na

• -im
• -um

Englishhim,'em

-em

1. Indicates atransitive verb
   • 2008, Miriam Meyerhoff,Social lives in language--sociolinguistics and multilingual speech‎^[1],→ISBN, page344:

     Bang i wantem mi faen from mi ovaspen.

     (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

The suffix to be used is determined byvowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem isa,e, oro (or a diphthong ending in one of those), then the suffix is-em. Otherwise, use-im or-um.

-em

1. (added to possessive nouns)our (exclusive)

-em

1. Romanization of-𐌄𐌌

FromMiddle High German-em,-eme, fromProto-West Germanic*-umē.

• IPA^(key): /əm/

-em

1. masculine and neuter dative suffix, used in most determiners/pronouns and in strong adjectives

Through reduction of the unstressed syllable.

• IPA^(key): /əm/,/ɛm/
• Most or all places are locally pronounced with/əm/, but/ɛm/ is not rarely heard from outsiders.

-em

1. Alternative form of-heim(placename suffix)

• Sechtem

Ultimately a backformation fromAncient Greekφώνημα(phṓnēma), whence GermanPhonem.

• IPA^(key): /ˈeːm/

• Audio:

  (file)

-em n

1. (linguistics)-eme

• IPA^(key): [ɛm]
• Rhymes:-ɛm

-em

2. (personal suffix, indefinite conjugation)Forms the first-person singular presentindicative of-ik verbs.

   ‎eszik(“to eat”) + ‎-em → ‎eszem(“I eat, I am eating”)

4. (personal suffix, definite conjugation)Forms thedefinitefirst-person singular presentindicative of verbs.

   ‎ért(“to understand”) + ‎-em → ‎értem(“I understand [him/her/it]”)

6. (possessive suffix)my(first-person singular, single possession)

   ‎kert(“garden”) + ‎-em → ‎kertem(“my garden”)

• (personal suffix) Variants:

  -ok is added to back-vowel verbs

  -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs

  -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs

  -om may be added to back-vowel-ik verbs

  -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel-ik verbs

  -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel-ik verbs

• (personal suffix, definite conjugation) Variants:

  -om is added to back-vowel verbs

  -em is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs

  -öm is added to rounded front-vowel verbs

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -m is added to words ending in a vowel. Final-a changes to-á-. Final-e changes to-é-.

  ‎hajó(“boat”) + ‎-m → ‎ahajóm(“my boat”)

  ‎kocsi(“car”) + ‎-m → ‎akocsim(“my car”)

  ‎palota(“palace”) + ‎-m → ‎apalotám(“my palace”)

  ‎érme(“coin”) + ‎-m → ‎azérmém(“my coin”)

  -am is added tosome back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  ‎ház(“house”) + ‎-am → ‎aházam(“my house”)

  -om is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  ‎kor(“age”) + ‎-om → ‎akorom(“my age”)

  -em is added to unrounded (andsome rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  ‎kert(“garden”) + ‎-em → ‎akertem(“my garden”)

  ‎fül(“ear”) + ‎-em → ‎afülem(“my ear”)

  -öm is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  ‎öröm(“joy”) + ‎-öm → ‎azörömöm(“my joy”)

(possessive suffix):

-em

2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to anoun or averb to form anoun. A final single-l may become long-ll-.

   ‎jel(“sign”) + ‎-em → ‎jellem(“character”)

   ‎szél(“wind”) + ‎-em → ‎szellem(“ghost, spirit”)

   ‎illik(“to suit, to be proper”) + ‎-em → ‎illem(“good manners, proper behaviour”)

• (noun-forming suffix) Variants:

  -am is added to back-vowel words

  -em is added to front-vowel words

• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key): /ˈem/,[ˈɛ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): /ˈem/,[ˈɛm]

See-ēs(suffix forming third-declension feminine abstract nouns).

-em f

1. accusativesingular of-ēs

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

-em

1. first-personsingularpresentactivesubjunctive of-ō(first conjugation)

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

-em

1. accusativesingular of-s

• IPA^(key): [əβ̃]

FromProto-Celtic*-mū, fromProto-Indo-European*-mō.^[1]

-em m

1. Forms occupational nouns.

   ‎flaith(“rule”) + ‎-em → ‎flaithem(“ruler”)

   ‎breth(“judgement”) + ‎-em → ‎brithem(“judge”)

   ‎fíach(“debt”) + ‎-em → ‎féchem(“debtor”)

• -am(broad form)

FromProto-Celtic*-īmā, a verbal noun suffix for-ī- verbs in Celtic. Cognate withWelsh-i, fromProto-Brythonic*-iβ̃.

-em f

1. Forms verbal nouns of class A II weak verbs with roots ending in dentals.

   ‎feithid(“to watch over”) + ‎-em → ‎fethem(“watching over”)

   ‎moídid(“to boast”) + ‎-em → ‎moídem(“boasting”)

   ‎ad·gládathar(“to converse with”) + ‎-em → ‎acaldam(“conversation”)

• -am(after a broad consonant)

• Irish:-amh
• Scottish Gaelic:-amh

• -im
• -um

Englishhim,'em

-em

1. Indicates atransitive verb

The suffix to be used is determined byvowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem isa,e, oro (or a diphthong ending in one of those), then the suffix is-em. Otherwise, use-im or-um.

-em

1. Attaches to the perfective stem to form the first-person singular past tense.

-em

1. An inanimate collective morpheme for a group of things

• IPA^(key): /ɛm/

-em

1. (literary)verb suffix for thefirst-personpluralimperfect/conditional

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