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-den

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "den"

Old English

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-den

  1. pluralpreteritesubjunctive of-an

Turkish

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOttoman Turkishـدن(-den), fromOld Anatolian Turkishـدن(-den), fromProto-Turkic*-den.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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preceding vowel
a / ı / o / ue / i / ö / ü
default-dan-den
assimilated-tan-ten

-den

  1. Used to formablative of nouns.
    köy(village) + ‎-den → ‎köyden(from the village)
  2. of,from (indicating cause)
    kanser(cancer) + ‎-den → ‎kanserden(of cancer)
    Kanserden öldü.They diedof cancer.
  3. through,out of
    Kitabını pencereden attı.They chucked their bookout of the window.
  4. without (with verbs, after-me)
    Synonym:-siz(with nouns)
    kâğıt harcamadan işini yapsana?could you do your jobwithout wasting paper?
  5. than
    taş tüyden ağırdır.a rock is heavierthan a feather. (more natural-sounding)
    taş tüyden daha ağırdır.a rock is heavierthan a feather. (less natural-sounding)
    o kadın o adamdan burada daha uzun çalıştı.that woman has worked here for longerthan that man. (more natural-sounding)
    o kadın o adamdan uzun burada çalıştı.that woman has worked here for longerthan that man. (less natural-sounding)

Usage notes

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  • It must be used with anapostrophe while forming a proper noun.
    Türkiye -Türkiye'den
  • (sense 5): Modifiers such asdaha ("more") are optional in this sense to express comparativity. Despite both being grammatically correct,daha is more commonly used in longer sentences and not as much in copulative sentences. Whendaha is omitted, one should generally try to avoid putting another word between the adjective and whichever word has taken the ablative.
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