FromMiddle English -al Latin -ālis -el -al doublet of-ar
-al
Of or pertaining to.Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also. base -al → basal cranium -al → cranial Forming nouns, especially of verbal action. propose -al → proposal deny -al → denial bestow -al → bestowal Most adjectives with this ending were not formed in English, but were taken from Latin (or French). In Latin, the ending-ālis -al -āris -ar l . The use of-al or-ar is inconsistent:
While words likeformular fibular capsular bulbar molal phylal salmonellal zooxanthellal Some words show variation between-al and-ar , such aslobar lobal acinar acinal līneāris linear līneālis lineal However, the ending-al is always used if the lastl in the base word is followed byr , e.g.cultural scleral microfloral pleural loral labral glomerular l inglomerulus r ). The ending also appears in the extended forms-ial -ual manorial eventual
If the base word ends:
withus, um or a viral virus bronchial New Latin bronchiālis bronchium corneal cornea wither /re (mostly derived from the Latin ending-rum ), thee is dropped (e.g.membr al member Latin membrum centr al center /centre Latin centrum with a consonant +le (mostly derived from the Latin endings-ulus, -ulum, -ula ul (e.g.muscul ar muscle Latin mūsculus vehicul ar vehicle Latin vehiculum arbuscul ar arbuscle Latin arbuscula As a nominalizer, some verbs have two corresponding nouns, one ending in-al -tion -sion disposition disposal dispose proposition proposal propose submission submittal submit transmission transmittal transmit reversion reversal revert reverse
Final silent⟨ e ⟩ is dropped before this suffix, e.g.casal case
( adjectival ) : ( forming nouns, especially of verbal action ) : arousal arrival bestowal betrothal denial disposal proposal rental rival reversal removal subdual submittal transmittal -ical Back-formation fromaldehyde
-al
( organic chemistry ) Forms the names ofaldehydes . -al
A suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words. pessimen ( “ currant ” ) →pessimenal ( “ currants ” ) wôbigen ( “ it is white ” ) →wôbigenal ( “ they are white ” ) -al a .See the usage notes at-ak Inherited fromLatin -ālis
-al (epicene adjective-forming suffix ,plural -als
-al ( of or pertaining to ) Inherited fromLatin -ālis
-al m or f adjective-forming suffix ,masculine and feminine plural -als
in adjectives, indicating relation estructura ( “ structure ” ) + -al → estructural ( “ structural ” ) FromLatin -ālis
-al
-al Synonym: -el ( organic chemistry ) -al Inflection of-al positive comparative superlative indefinite common singular -al — —2 indefinite neuter singular -alt — —2 plural -ale — —2 definite attributive1 -ale — —
1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.
( Adjectives )
( Common nouns )
( Neuter nouns )
-al
( organic chemistry ) -al -al
for [...] reason (ending forcorrelatives of reason) alial ( “ for another reason ” ) ĉial ( “ for every reason ” ) ial ( “ for any/some reason ” ) kial ( “ for what reason, why ” ) nenial ( “ for no reason ” ) tial ( “ for that reason, therefore ” ) Inherited fromMiddle French -al Old French -al Latin -ālis Doublet of-el -us .
-al (adjective-forming suffix ,feminine -ale masculine plural -aux feminine plural -ales
-al appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form; often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also Norwegian Bokmål:-al → Turkish:-sal ( learned ) Borrowed fromLatin -ālis
-al
pertaining to, using; adjectival suffix appended to nouns From-a- ( linking vowel ) +-l ( verb-forming suffix ) .
-al
( verb-forming suffix ) Added to anoun to form averb . szárny ( “ a wing ” ) + -al → szárnyal ( “ to soar ” ) ( noun-forming suffix ) Added to averb to form anoun . No longer productive in this role. von ( “ to pull ” ) + -al → vonal ( “ line ” ) ( organic chemistry ) -al ( forms the names ofaldehydes ) etanal ―ethanal (verb-forming suffix ) Variants:-l -a changes to-á- . Final-e changes to-é- . Final long vowels may shorten, e.g.ű →ü .-ol -al other back-vowel words ending in a consonant-el some rounded ) front-vowel words ending in a consonant-öl -ál Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix,-z -oz -az -ez -öz -áz -zik -ozik -azik -ezik -özik
( noun-forming suffix ) Variants:-al -el -al
Formsnouns fromadjectives tew ( “ cold ” ) + -al → tewal ( “ coldness ” ) k’ak’ ( “ new ” ) + -al → k’ak’al ( “ youngster ” ) Formsnouns from-aj mujaj ( “ to shade ” ) + -al → mujaj ( “ shadow ” ) q’ebaj ( “ to go across ” ) + -al → q’ebal ( “ large earthen jar ” ) Formsnouns fromadverbs nojim ( “ slowly ” ) + -al → nojimal ( “ slowness ” ) nabe ( “ firstly ” ) + -al → nabeal ( “ firstborn ” ) Formsnouns fromnouns k’o’x ( “ gourd cup ” ) + -al → k’o’xal ( “ shell of a dead animal ” ) süb ( “ tamalito of corn ” ) + -al → sübal ( “ pot for making tamales ” ) From the recurrentsubstantivation ofapocopated adjectives in-āle nominative neuter singular ending of-ālis -ārium -ium -cum
-al n genitive -ālis third declension
noun-forming suffix Third-declension noun (neuter, pure i-stem).
-al
romanization of-𐌀𐌋 Borrowed fromDutch -aal English -al
-al (Jawi spelling ـل
-al konvensional ―conventional Extracted fromgoaill
-al f
suffix used to form verbal nouns Extracted fromgoaill
-al
suffix used productively to form denominative verbs and their associated verbal nouns yiarn ( “ iron ” ) + -al → yiarnal ( “ to iron ” ) post ( “ post ” ) + -al → postal ( “ to post ” ) FromMiddle Irish -amail Irish -úil Scottish Gaelic -ail -eil Old Irish -amail
-al
Anadjectival suffix applied to various words, usually nouns, to make an adjective. Borrowed fromOld French -al -el Latin -ālis
IPA (key ) : /-al/ ,/-aːl/ ,/-ɛl/ ,/-ɛːl/ -al
( chiefly not productive ) Forms adjectives from Latin and Romance vocabulary .-al
A suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words. síipuw ( “ river ” ) →siipúwal ( “ rivers ” ) máxkeew ( “ it is red ” ) →maxkéewal ( “ they are red ” ) -al a .FromOld French -al Latin -ālis
-al
-al ( of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form ) FromOld Norse -all þagall gamall Proto-Germanic *-alaz
-al (neuter -alt definite singular and plural -ale comparative -alare indefinite superlative -alast definite superlative -alaste
Forms adjectives from verbs meaning “doing” or “pertaining to doing” the verb. våga ( “ dare ” ) + -al → vågal ( “ daring, risky ” ) “-al” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary .“*all” in Ivar Aasen (1873)Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring Borrowed fromLatin -ālis -el
-al
suffix used to form adjectives from nouns mesnal ( from mesnee ) domestic; household Inherited fromProto-Slavic *-aľь
-al m
forms masculine nouns, usually augmentative in nature nos -al → nochal Animate/personal:
Inanimate:
Surnames:
-al in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Rhymes:( Portugal ) -al ( Brazil ) -aw Hyphenation:-al FromOld Galician-Portuguese -al Latin -ālem
-al m or f adjective-forming suffix ,plural -ais
-al ( of or pertaining to ) Synonyms: -ar -ário -eiro -ico -eal -ial abismo ( “ abyss ” ) + -al → abismal ( “ abyssal; abysmal ” ) indústria ( “ factory; industry ” ) + -al → industrial ( “ industrial ” ) ( rarely productive ) forms synonyms of adjectives containing the suffix-ico angélico ( “ angelic ” ) + -al → angelical ( “ angelical ” ) -al m or f by sense noun-forming suffix ,plural -ais
appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a collection X” or “a large quantity of X” Synonym: -ário ninho ( “ nest ” ) + -al → ninhal ( “ a bunch of nests ” ) edito ( “ edict ” ) + -al → edital ( “ notice board ” ) appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a place where there is plenty of X” or "field where a plant is cultivated" Synonyms: -açal -egal -eiro trigo ( “ wheat ” ) + -al → trigal ( “ wheatfield ” ) sobreiro ( “ cork oak ” ) + -al → sobreiral ( “ an orchard of cork oaks ” ) pedra ( “ rock ” ) + -al → pedregal ( “ a rocky field ” ) colmeia ( “ beehive ” ) + -al → colmeal ( “ a place with many beehives ” ) cátedra ( “ clergy ” ) + -al → catedral ( “ a large or important church building ” ) Usage notes about the use of-al or-ar in English are fully applicable to their Portuguese cognates.
The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:
⟨ -ição ⟩ ⟨ -(i)cion- ⟩ ⟨ -ção ⟩ ⟨ -são ⟩ ⟨ -cion- ⟩ ⟨ -sion- ⟩ ⟨ -ão ⟩ as a non-verb suffix , including plurals) →⟨ -on- ⟩ ⟨ -ã(o)- ⟩ ⟨ -(i)an- ⟩ ⟨ -am- ⟩ ⟨ -(i)on- ⟩ ⟨ -m ⟩ ⟨ -n- ⟩ ⟨ -z ⟩ ⟨ -c(i)- ⟩ ⟨ -dade ⟩ ⟨ -t- ⟩ In addition, if the base word ends:
with-us viral vírus anal ânus with a stressed falling diphthong, the semivowel is dropped, e.g.re al rei ide al idei a with an unstressedo not following ani (mostly derived from Latin fourth declension), the form-ual textual texto predial prédio prediual . The ending may appear as-ial -eal racial raça floreal flor
From the first syllable ofál cool( “ alcohol ” ) andal deído( “ aldehyde ” ) .
-al m noun-forming suffix ,plural -ais
( chemistry ) forms the names ofalcohols ( chemistry ) forms the names ofaldehydes Borrowed fromLatin -alis French -al Italian -ale
-al m or n feminine singular -ală masculine plural -ali feminine and neuter plural -ale
-al săptămână ( “ week ” ) + -al → săptămânal ( “ weekly ” ) Inherited fromLatin -ālis
-al m or f adjective-forming suffix ,masculine and feminine plural -ales
indicates relation cultura ( “ culture ” ) + -al → cultural ( “ cultural ” ) -al m noun-forming suffix ,plural -ales
indicates a place where something is grown, or where there is plenty of it maíz ( “ corn ” ) + -al → maizal ( “ corn field ” ) naranja ( “ orange ” ) + -al → naranjal ( “ orange grove ” ) escoria ( “ scoria ” ) + -al → escorial ( “ bed of lava ” ) -al
-al 
