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(U+0028,(
LEFT PARENTHESIS
'
[U+0027]
Basic Latin)
[U+0029]

)U+0029,)
RIGHT PARENTHESIS
(
[U+0028]
Basic Latin*
[U+002A]

U+23DC,⏜
TOP PARENTHESIS

[U+23DB]
Miscellaneous Technical
[U+23DD]

U+23DD,⏝
BOTTOM PARENTHESIS

[U+23DC]
Miscellaneous Technical
[U+23DE]

U+FE59,﹙
SMALL LEFT PARENTHESIS

[U+FE58]
Small Form Variants
[U+FE5A]

U+FE5A,﹚
SMALL RIGHT PARENTHESIS

[U+FE59]
Small Form Variants
[U+FE5B]
U+207D,⁽
SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS

[U+207C]
Superscripts and Subscripts
[U+207E]
U+207E,⁾
SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS

[U+207D]
Superscripts and Subscripts
[U+207F]
U+208D,₍
SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS

[U+208C]
Superscripts and Subscripts
[U+208E]
U+208E,₎
SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS
[unassigned: U+208F]

[U+208D]
Superscripts and Subscripts
[U+2090]
U+FF08,(
FULLWIDTH LEFT PARENTHESIS

[U+FF07]
Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms
[U+FF09]
U+FF09,)
FULLWIDTH RIGHT PARENTHESIS

[U+FF08]
Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms
[U+FF0A]

Translingual

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Etymology

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  • (astronomy): A graphic approximation of a numbered circle, with the circle symbolizing a planetary disk, as in (4) Vesta from an original ④ Vesta. A circle proved impractical for large numbers.

Punctuation mark

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() (English nameparenthesesorround brackets)

  1. Enclosessupplementalinformation.
    Sen. John McCain(R., Arizona) spoke at length.
    • 2025 April, “Can AI Change Your View? Evidence from a Large-Scale Online Field Experiment”, inUniversity of Zurich[1] (in English), page 1:
      Large Language Models(LLMs) are fundamentally transforming how humans consume and interact with information, raising pressing ethical concerns about their broader societal impact.
  2. Encloses acommentary.
    I gave it to Fred(who was going there anyways) before I left.
  3. Encloses optional variants or variant elements ofwords,inflections,spellings orpronunciations.
    Go get the dog(s) - Here,s is a shorthand for the pluraldogs.
    You should(re)write that story. - Here,re is an optional prefixre-.
    Blue is my favo(u)rite colo(u)r. - Here,u is an alternative spelling (color/colour).
    A variable with persistence that is currently above(below) its mean will tend not go below(above) its mean for some time.
    (S)he likes dogs.
    Antarctica/ænˈtɑɹ(k)tɪkə/,terminator/ˈtɜːmɪneɪtə(ɹ)/
  4. Enclosesnarration.
    • 2006, “Scott Pilgrim & the Infinite Sadness”, inScott Pilgrim, volume 3 (in English):
      Envy: What's this for? Is this for the band?
      Scott: It's... It's for you. I wrote a song.
      (weird pause)
      Envy: Why?
  5. Encloses aletter ornumber starting anitem in alist.
    (1) New York,(2) London,(3) Paris.
    (A) New York,(B) London,(C) Paris.
    • 2006, “Scott Pilgrim & the Infinite Sadness”, inScott Pilgrim, volume 3 (in English):
      Scott: Can I get some free candy? Can you make it happen? Just some chocolate, maybe?
      Wallace: No, because(A) you'll take half an hour to decide what you want, and(B) no sugar for you!!
    • 2024 August 6, Gena Kaufman, “33 Rainy-Day Date Ideas That Aren’t Another Movie”, inGlamour[2] (in English):
      When a sudden rainstorm interrupts your plans for a date, you have some choices:(a) brave the weather,(b) choose an equally fun indoor activity,(c) straight up refuse to leave the house and instead stay in together, or(d) be that person who asks for a last-minute raincheck (don’t be that person).
  6. (papyrology, epigraphy)Encloses restored elements of text that were (intentionally) omitted by the original scribe as an abbreviation.
  7. (phonetics)A transcriptiondelimiter forsilent utterances. It may enclose a transcription of amouthed utterance derived fromlip-reading, such as (ʃːː), or of the length of apause between utterances, such as (1.3 sec). (...), (..) and (.) are used for increasingly brief pauses.
  8. (astronomy)Encloses the minor planet number of an asteroid, e.g. (4) Vesta. May be further abbreviated to 4. Vesta or 4 Vesta.

Usage notes

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Some style guides prescribe square brackets[ ] for parenthetical information within another set of parentheses.

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, seeCitations:( ).

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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  • (…)(used when omitting a section in quoted text)
  • (sic)(used to indicate text quoted as-is from the source)
  • (!)
  • (?)

See also

[edit]

Punctuation

Symbol

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()

  1. (mathematics)Encloses a mathematical phrase that has increased precedence in terms of operators.
    20 / 2 + 8 = 10 + 8 = 18
    20 /(2 + 8) = 20 / 10 = 2
  2. (mathematics)Denotes thegreatest common divisor of two integers.
    (54,24)=6
  3. (mathematics)Denotes acoordinate.
    (x,y)
  4. (regular expressions)Defines a marked subexpression, to be matched using thebackslash (\1, \2, etc.)
    ([abc])([def]) — \2 matches the 2nd subexpression
  5. (programming)Used whendefining a new function, enclosing the list ofparameters.
    getSum(a, b)
        result = a + b
    return result
  6. (programming)Used whencalling an existing function, enclosing the list ofarguments.
    result = getFirstNumber() + getSecondNumber() + getThirdNumber()
  7. (programming)Used with someexpressions andconditionals, like "if", "switch", "for", "while", etc., in certain programming languages.
    if(x > 7) then printf "success!" end
  8. (chemistry) Encloses a repeated unit in apolymer.
    glutaraldehyde = CH2(CH2CHO)2
  9. (accounting) Indicates that a number is negative in place of aminus sign.[1]
    (20)

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, seeCitations:( ).

Related terms

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  • (mathematical precedence){ },[ ]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Introduction to bookkeeping and accounting, The Open University, 2015

Burmese

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Punctuation mark

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( )

  1. sometimes used to enclose numbers to distinguish from letters
    ရက်ပေါင်း (၁၀၀) အလွန်
    rakpaung: (100) a.lwan
    100 days later

Chinese

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Alternative forms

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  • (tone indicator):single left parentheses

Punctuation mark

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()

  1. Encloses the pronunciation to a character the reader may not necessarily know.
    黿(yuán)
    黿 (read asyuán)
  2. (Internetslang)Used to provide a deeper or second meaning to a phrase. Probably from Japanese()(くん)(gikun,invented reading). Compare Englishread(used after a euphemism to introduce the intended, more blunt meaning of a term).
    那個shuài
    that man (read: hunk)
  3. (Internetslang)Added to the end of a message, with short text inside, as a sort oftone indicator.
    回家看看(bushi
    go take a look when you get home/j
    (literally, “go take a look when you get home (not really)”)
  4. (Internetslang, with no content inside)Used to censorvulgar,profane orsensitive words or characters. Comparex in Latin alphabet. A formal way to censor words in Chinese is using× instead.
    他()的!
    Fxxk that!
  5. (Internetslang, by extension, with no content inside)Added to the end of a message to indicate alighthearted or joking tone.
    回家看看(((
    go take a look when you get home/lh
  6. (Internetslang, by extension, with no content inside)Added to the end of a message, either left parenthesis only or both, used in place of ellipses…… (which can be read asindecisiveness) to imply an abrupt and intentional end to an incomplete sentence.
    確實如此,然而()
    I mean that's true, but🙃

See also

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References

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Japanese

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Alternative forms

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  • (tone indicator):single left parentheses ornone

Punctuation mark

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()

  1. Used as a plaintext fallback ofruby: encloses a regular or traditional pronunciation to kanji (sometimes other types of words, e.g.katakana in parentheses following an English word) that the readers may not necessarily know how to read.
    檸檬(れもん)
    檸檬 (remon)
  2. Used as a plaintext fallback ofruby: encloses an invented reading or a pronunciation borrowed from another language, which follows usually but not necessarily a kanji word, to conveys the word's deeper or second meaning (see()(くん)(gikun)).
    親友(ライバル)
    close friend (rival)
  3. (Internetslang, with no content inside)Used to censorvulgar,profane orsensitive words or characters. A formal way to censor words in Japanese is using× or instead. Compare自主規制 in Japanese andx in Latin alphabet.
  4. (Internetslang)Added to the end of a message, with short text inside (the right parenthesis is optional), as a sort oftone indicator.
    それは無理だ(w
    That's impossible (LOL
  5. (Internetslang, by extension, with no content inside)Added to the end of a message to indicate a lighthearted or joking tone (the right parenthesis is optional),.

Derived terms

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Mon

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Punctuation mark

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( )

  1. sometimes used to enclose digits to distinguish from letters
    တ္ၚဲကောန်ဂကူမန်မရနုက်ကဵု (၆၈) ဝါ
    The 68th Mon National Day
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