鶏 (Kangxi radical 196,鳥+8, 19 strokes,cangjie input月人竹日火 (BOHAF),composition⿰⿱爫夫鳥)
- Kangxi Dictionary:not present, would followpage 1494, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47074
- Dae Jaweon: page 2024, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition):not present, would follow volume 7, page 4641, character 14
- Unihan data for U+9D8F
鶏
(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji,kyūjitai form鷄)
- chicken
- bird
- 鶏冠(keikan,“cockscomb”)
- 鶏肉(keiniku,“chickenmeat”)
- 烏骨鶏(ukokkei):silky,silkie(breed of chicken)
- 黄鶏(kashiwa): a Japanese native species of chicken with dark reddish-brown feathers; the meat thereof;chicken (meat)
- 水鶏,秧鶏(kuina,“rail,water rail”)
- 軍鶏(gunkei)
- 軍鶏(shamo,“gamecock”)
- 水鶏(suikei,“rail;water rail”)
- 矮鶏(chabo,“bantam”)
- 養鶏(yōkei,“poultryfarming,chickenraising”)
| Alternative spellings |
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鷄(kyūjitai)
雞 |
⟨nipa tu to2ri⟩ → */nipatːəri/ →/nifatori/ →/niwatori/
Originally derived from the枕詞(makura kotoba,“pillow word”,anepithet as a poetic device) compound phrase庭つ鳥(niwa tsu tori),庭(niwa,“garden”) +つ(tsu,Old Japanese possessive particle) +鳥(tori,“bird”), used inOld Japanese poetry as an allusive introduction tokake, the older word for “chicken” (see below). The medialtsu disappeared over time, yielding modern Japaneseniwatori.[1]
鶏• (niwatori) ←にはとり(nifatori)?
- adomesticatedchicken (Gallus gallusdomesticus)
- Synonyms:臼辺鳥(usubedori),鳥(tori)
- Hypernym:雉(kiji)
- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is oftenspelled inkatakana, especially inbiological contexts (where katakana is customary), asニワトリ(niwatori).
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鷄(kyūjitai)
雞 |
⟨kake1⟩ → */kakʲe/ →/kake/
FromOld Japanese, first attested in theKojiki (712CE).
Onomatopoeic of thesound made by achicken.[1][2] Compare Englishcluck orcock.
鶏• (kake)
- achicken(domesticatedfowl)
- Synonym:臼辺鳥(usubedori)
- [...] 爾波都登理 迦祁波那久 [...][Man'yōgana]
- [...] 庭つ鳥 鶏は鳴く [...][Modern spelling]
- ...niwa tsu tori,kake wa naku...
- the garden bird, thechicken clucks
| Alternative spelling |
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| 鷄(kyūjitai) |
First attested inThe Tales of Ise. Possibly influenced byAinuコタン.
Etymological details
Listed in various references as a compound ofくた(kuta/kuda) +鶏(kake,“chicken; rooster”).[3][4][2] This word has also been spelled asくだかけ(kudakake).
The source of the initialkuta-/kuda- portion has been subject to debate. Several sources have attempted to give an etymology:[5]
- TheHikobae of 1847 and theDaigenkai derivekuta- as a word meaning "stinky", the root of腐す(kutasu,“to rot, to spoil”,transitive) and related to朽ちる(kuchiru,“to rot, to spoil”,intransitive).
- TheKita-no-bezuihitsu,Meigentsū, and theMinakata-Kumakusu derive this from百済鶏(kudara-kake, literally“Baekje chicken”), saying that the chicken was imported from there.
- TheWakun-no-Shiori deriveskuta as an eastern word for "house". The same source also supposes a Sanskrit origin, transcribed askukutaeshira, and also supposes it was derived from管掛(kuda-kake) from the way it has a good voice.
- TheHonchō Jigen derives this fromkudo-kake, wherekudo- means "a passing sound" and-kake means "to put on".
- TheMyōgoki deriveskuda- from数連(kazutsura), while-kake is an onomatopoeic sound.
The "house" etymology seems the most likely, as this note appears in several manuscripts ofThe Tales of Ise, and Vovin (2021) identifieskuda- withAinuコタン(kotan,“village”) (cf.Englishvillage andvilla). He also identifies the poem inThe Tales of Ise as being a hybrid Japanese-Ainu poem.[6]
鶏• (kutakake)
- (archaic) achicken(domesticatedfowl)
- Synonym:臼辺鳥(usubedori)
- Occasionally seen with the readingくだかけ(kudakake).[5][4][2]
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
鷄(kyūjitai)
雞 |
From鳥(tori,“bird”).
鶏• (tori)
- alternative spelling of鳥(tori): achicken(domesticatedfowl); chickenmeat
- ↑1.01.1Shōgaku Tosho (1988),国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese),Tōkyō:Shogakukan,→ISBN
- ↑2.02.12.22.32.4Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN
- ^“鶏”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2006
- ↑4.04.1“鶏”, inデジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese),Tōkyō:Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑5.05.1“くた‐かけ 【鶏】
”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2000-2002, released online 2007,→ISBN, concise edition entry availablehere - ^Vovin, Alexander (2021), “Ainu elements in early Japonic”, inHandbook of the Ainu Language,→DOI
”, in日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition,Tokyo:Shogakukan,2000-2002, released online 2007,→ISBN, concise edition entry availablehere