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靴 (Kangxi radical 177,革+4, 13 strokes,cangjie input廿十人心 (TJOP),four-corner44510,composition⿰革化)
| trad. | 靴 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp.# | 靴 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𰆳 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声,OC*hʷa): semantic 革(“leather”) + phonetic 化(OC*hŋʷraːls).
| Variety | Location | 靴 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕyɛ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕyɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕye²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕyə²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ɕyə⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ɕyɛ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕyɛ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ɕyu⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕye⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɕyə³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɕyɤ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕye⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕye⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕie⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ɕiɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /ɕye³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /sz̩ʷ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕye¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕye̞¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕye³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɕyø⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɕio⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɕy³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕya³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /ɕyɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕye³³/ /ɕya³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɕyɒ³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕye⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hio⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /hio²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hœ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /hœ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hœ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hia⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰuo⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xiɔ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /hia³³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /xue²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 靴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (97) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 許𦚢切 |
| Baxter | xjwa |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɨuɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷiɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xiuɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hua/ |
| Li Rong | /xiuɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /xĭuɑ/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren | /xi̯wɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xuē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hoe1 |
靴
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 靴 | |
| Formal(Written Standard Chinese) | 靴子 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 靴子 |
| Taiwan | 靴子 | |
| Singapore | 靴子 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 靴子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 靴仔 |
| Wanrong | 靴子 | |
| Xi'an | 靴子 | |
| Xining | 靴子 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 靴子 |
| Lanzhou | 靴子 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 靴子 |
| Wuhan | 靴子 | |
| Guilin | 靴子 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 靴子 |
| Hefei | 深筒鞋,深筒靴 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 靴 |
| Hong Kong | 靴 | |
| Dongguan | 靴 | |
| Yangjiang | 靴 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 靴子 |
| Lichuan | 靴仔 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 靴仔 |
| Miaoli(N. Sixian) | 靴仔 | |
| Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian) | 靴仔 | |
| Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu) | 靴仔 | |
| Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu) | 靴 | |
| Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping) | 靴仔 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 靴 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 靴子 |
| Xinzhou | 靴兒子 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 靴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 靴 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 靴 |
| Tainan | 靴 | |
| Chaozhou | 靴 | |
| Waxiang | Guzhang(Gaofeng) | 靴 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 靴 |
| Suzhou | 靴 | |
| Danyang | 靴 | |
| Wenzhou | 靴 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 靴子 |
| Shuangfeng | 靴子 | |
This is one of the few characters with a-üe final in Mandarin that did not have an entering tone in Middle Chinese.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 靴 |
| くつ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of靴 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term,靴, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
靴• (hwa) (hangeul화,McCune–Reischauer hwa,Yale hwa)
Attested in the沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) asふや.[1] Cognate withYaeyama靴(fuya); see there for more.
靴 (fuya)
{{rfdef}}.According to Miyagi (2003:967), derived from a Chinese source靴(xuē). Compare Xiang readingxya1 ~ xye1.
Alternatively, according to Miyanaga (1930:index p. 95), it is derived from the same source as Japanese火屋(hoya,“fireplace”), via "fire" + "building", but this is problematic on semantic grounds.
The Hateruma and Kabira forms are inherited fromProto-Ryukyuan*kutu, fromProto-Japonic*kutu.
靴or靴 (fuyaorfutsï)